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- Usos e perceções sobre jardins e parques públicos urbanos - resultados preliminares de um inquérito na cidade do Porto (Portugal)Publication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Fernandes, Cláudia; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Vilaça, Helena; Barros, Nelson; Maia, Rui LeandroA crescente concentração populacional nas cidades é reconhecida como um dos principais desafios contemporâneos. É nas cidades que os desafios sociais e ambientais se agigantam, implicando um olhar sobre o planeamento urbano sustentável. Os espaços verdes urbanos desempenham um papel importante na resposta a tais desafios, concretamente através dos serviços dos ecossistemas. Os serviços culturais ganham especial relevo, nomeadamente na melhoria da saúde mental, física e social dos seus utilizadores. Este trabalho tem como objetivos conhecer os usos e as perceções dos utilizadores dos jardins e parques públicos da cidade do Porto, bem como de que forma esses mesmos espaços estão a satisfazer as suas necessidades, estabelecendo uma relação com a localização dos mesmos na cidade tendo em conta uma maior ou menor privação socioeconómica e ambiental. Partindo de inquérito por questionário em fase de aplicação aos utilizadores de 25 jardins e parques de acesso público, propõem-se uma discussão sobre os resultados preliminares obtidos (n=131). Os resultados permitem um esboçar do perfil dos potenciais utilizadores destes espaços, além de revelarem que espaços da cidade em áreas de maior privação socioeconómica e ambiental são percecionados pelos seus utilizadores como espaços verdes com menor qualidade. Espera-se que os resultados auxiliem na definição de estratégias de atratividade dos espaços verdes da cidade que possuem menor qualidade e se inserem em zonas de maior privação.
- Health behaviors as a mediator of the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a workplace contextPublication . Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Sousa, Helder Fernando Pedrosa; Moura, Andreia de; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Pinto, Ricardo J.The etiology of diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-related behaviors. Considering the pathway that involves behavioral processes, a huge body of empirical evidence has shown that some healthy behaviors such as non-smoking, any or moderate alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake), and physical activity, decrease the risk of disease and mortality. This study aimed to explore the potential mediating effect of combined health behaviors on the association between interpersonal relationships and physical health in a Brazilian adult worker population from the Occupational Health Service within the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The sample included 611 workers, of which 567 (92.8%) were males and 44 (7.2%) females, age ranging from 18 to 73 years (M = 41.95; SD = 8.88). The significant predictors of physical health were interpersonal relationships and health behaviors. Health behaviors contributed significantly to a reduction in the effect of interpersonal relationships on physical health outcomes. As far as it is known, there has been no prior work in Brazil that simultaneously examined the best predictors of physical health in oil workers using this conceptual model. Interventions in the workplace environment need to consider health behavior as a mediator between interpersonal relationships and physical health, aligned in a global psychosocial approach to health at work.
- Health monitoring and intervention plan on oil industry workers: results from a case-studyPublication . Oliveira, Gisela; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Ferrari, Lilian; Costa, Andre; Ferraz, Maria PiaOil industry workers are particularly vulnerable to risks related to their especial working conditions like exposure to hazardous chemicals, explosions and fires, working in confined spaces and often in remote areas or in offshore platforms. Dedicated work health surveillance plans that take into consideration environmental risks are of the utmost importance to safeguard workers health and to communicate identified faults and gaps to other institutional departments to provide adequate intervention. This work presents an assessment case-study of an on-going health intervention and monitoring plan focused on oil industry workers and the quality of potable water distributed. In the assessment of risks to health, the quality of water for human use is case-sensitive as water is vital to life but may act as a transmission vector for several diseases whose symptoms may appear as acute (often as a consequence of water contamination by micro-organisms or toxic substances) or chronic, usually more related to the ingestion of chemically contaminated water. In the study timeline, six parameters were identified as critical in the water quality: Total Coliforms, Escherichia coli, iron, pH, turbidity and colour. A global graphical distribution of nonconformity anal-ysis by working service for each geographic location and for the entire period of the study highlighted the two worse water quality work sectors: ‘Oil Extractions Stations’ and ‘Baths & Changing Rooms’. Corrective measures arising from this case-study of the on-going health monitoring and intervention plan focus on sensibilization for improvement of workers hygiene and for cleaning and sanitization procedures.
- Measuring the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals at Local Level: the WeGIx IndexPublication . Oliveira, Gisela; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Maia, Rui LeandroThe broadness and ambition of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for commitment and effort from all society sectors. Either at national or local level, where the action of communities and governance is of the utmost importance for the implementation and operationalization of such an interconnected and transformative agenda, adequate means for monitoring, measurement and accountability of plans and actions are also required. Academia, being one of the strongest pillars of the contemporary societies, should embrace its role as both a promoter and supporter of this universal Agenda, not only by developing fundamental scientific knowledge and educational resources but by also acting as advisers for governmental decisions and the establishment of proper and tailored public policies.This work describes the design and application processes of WeGIx - a composite indicator aiming to be a global objective measure of communities’ quality of life, at municipality level. WeGIx quantifies a combination of forty-three variables contributing to tackle municipalities’ (N = 308) global progress, in an integrated manner, on SDGs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16. WeGIx study target area is Portugal (92212 km²) and the analysis period is from 2009 to 2017.
- Combining an evaluation grid application to assess ecosystem services of urban green spaces and a socioeconomic spatial analysisPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Fernandes, Cláudia; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Vilaça, Helena; Barros, Nelson; Maia, Rui LeandroThe complex interaction of ecological and social systems has shaped the cities through the time. This fosters the need to develop interdisciplinary approaches to urban issues by combining natural and social sciences. Cities, as the predominant mode of social organization, are vulnerable to social and environmental challenges which urban green spaces (UGS) can contribute to solve by the ecosystem services (ES) that can provide. The objective was to assess the quality of UGS framed by the ES classification and relate with the provision of these services in areas of distinct socioeconomic and environmental deprivation. An evaluation grid was applied in 25 UGS in the city of Porto. Socioeconomic and environmental deprivation index applied by the Porto City Hall in the Municipal Master plan to divide the city into 5 clusters of deprivation was used to select 5 UGS of each cluster. In the most deprived communities, namely in clusters of high and very high socioeconomic and environmental deprivation, the quality of UGS is lower than in the less vulnerable ones. Besides this, it was found that some UGS located in clusters with higher vulnerability have an overall good quality, namely those located in historic and touristic areas of the city. The evaluation grid may be useful to the local authorities to diagnose, monitor and evaluate the ES of UGS and to identify situations of environmental injustice contributing to pursue the implementation of sustainable development goals at a local level.
- Healthy cities to healthy people: a grid application to assess the potential of ecosystems services of public urban green spaces in Porto, PortugalPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Fernandes, Cláudia; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Barros, Nelson; Maia, Rui LeandroIntroduction Contemporary cities face multiple socioenvironmental and health challenges that undermine the efforts to promote healthy environments. The 11th goal – Sustainable cities and communities – of United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development states that the presence of nature in cities plays a vital role for its sustainability through public urban green spaces (PUGS) accessible and with quality for all. Objectives This work describes the application of a grid to evaluate the potential of the ecosystems services (ES) of PUGS. Methodology The grid was applied in 25 PUGS in the city of Porto, divided into 5 clusters of socioeconomic and environmental deprivation (SED), ranging from very high to very low), and is composed by 6 sections with 37 domains assessed: i) identification; ii) description of the activities; iii) activities that take place; iv) assessment of the environment quality; v) existence of infrastructure and facilities; and vi) security. Dimensions iii, iv, v and vi are filled in the grid by a dichotomous answer: No = 0; Yes = 1. All data calculation and statistical analyses were performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs.25.0. The grid was applied in January 2019 and each PUGS visit lasted 20-25 minutes. Results The highest total score (33) corresponds to 2 parks located in a low and medium SED clusters. The lowest score (9) corresponds to 2 gardens located in a very high and high SED clusters. The most critical dimension assessed of the PUGS has to do with the activities it offers (Median = 2). On the other hand, the dimension with the highest scores relates to the PUGS environmental quality (Median = 8). Regarding results by SED clusters, it is observed that lowest scores, in all assessed domains, are from PUGS located in high and very high SED clusters. Conclusion This work presents useful information regarding the importance of promoting PUGS with quality and accessible from all, especially to socioeconomic vulnerable groups, which should be the major goal of public policies designers.
- Development and Validation of an Interdisciplinary Worker’s Health Approach Instrument (IWHAI)Publication . Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Costa, André Santana; Vidal, Diogo GuedesThe present study aimed to develop and validate an Interdisciplinary Worker’s Health Approach Instrument (IWHAI). The development stage comprised a group of 10 professionals, including physicians, nurses, nutritionists, dentists and physical educators, as well as a judges’ committee, composed by 19 recognized experts in the area of worker’s health (WH). For the validation of the IWHAI, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) was calculated, the factor analysis to the instrument was applied, and the Cronbach’s alpha (α) and the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The IWHAI was structured in five dimensions, integrating 43 health indicators, on a scale of 0–4, totalling 215 sub-indices with closed response coding. The instrument was validated with a Kappa coefficient (KAPPA) (k), with excellent agreement for all attributes, i.e., k = 0.88 for applicability, k = 0.80 for clarity and k = 0.82 for relevance. p > 0.05 results reveal moderate to strong positive correlations between some variables, i.e., pests, vectors and air quality/drinking water quality (rs = 0.69). A total of 14 components of the factor analysis, explaining 62.6% of the data variance, were extracted. α value is considered moderate to high, α = 0.61, the ICC value also being considered moderate to high, with ICC = 0.61. The IWHAI is considered validated, constituting a technological innovation for an interdisciplinary approach in the field of WH, enabling the prevention and integral promotion of health.
- Communication of Environmental Risks to Potentially Exposed Workers: An Experience in the Oil Industry, Bahia, BrazilPublication . Costa, André Santana; Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta; Simões, HelderConflicts between workers and health experts and their multiple rationalities must always be considered in the risk communication process. Disagreements are frequent in understanding occupational exposure to environmental agents among stakeholders. The present study aimed to describe the evolution of differences between experts and oil industry workers in Bahia, Brazil. The Tool of Instructions to the Double was applied and the results followed over three annual assessment cycles (2017–2019). In the observed period, a reduction in the share of disagreements between workers and experts was identified: 25.2% (n = 183) to 3.1% (n = 22), representing a percent variation of 98.9% relating the understanding of occupational noise exposure based on normative classification. The relations of conflict between workers and experts and the multiple social and cultural dimensions must always be considered as an important challenge in workers’ health. Thus, the use of models encouraging dialogue and value knowledge from the experience of workers seem to be more appropriate in conflicting contexts, enhancing risk control, protection and health promotion.
- Workers’ Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM): development, validation, and assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment (S-ROI)Publication . Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Costa, André Santana; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThe present study aimed to present and validate the Worker´s Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM), which includes an interdisciplinary approach to health risk management in search of integral and integrated health, considering economic sustainability. Through the integration of distinct methodological strategies, WHAM was developed in the period from 2011 to 2018, in a workers’ occupational health centre in the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The study included a sample of 965 workers, 91.7% of which were men, with a mean age of 44.9 years (age ranged from 23 to 73 years). The Kendall rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the validation of WHAM. The assessment of sustainable return on investment (S-ROI) was made using the WELLCAST ROI™ decision support tool, covering workers with heart disease and diabetes. WHAM can be considered an innovative healthcare model, as there is no available comparative model. WHAM is considered robust, with 86% health risk explanatory capacity and with an 85.5% S-ROI. It can be concluded that WHAM is a model capable of enhancing the level of workers’ health in companies, reducing costs for employers and improving the quality of life within the organization.
- Relação entre nível de conhecimento e consumo alimentar: evidências de um estudo numa indústria do petróleo na Bahia, BrasilPublication . Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Pontes, Manuela; Martins, Alice; Costa, Andre; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaIntrodução: O uso de instrumentos de avaliação é um importante recurso na área da saúde, possibilitando medir os efeitos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem e possíveis mudanças de comportamentos. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre o nível de conhecimento e comportamento alimentar. Métodos: Durante a avaliação nutricional anual em 2018, numa amostra de 996 trabalhadores, foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento através da aplicação da Escala de Conhecimento Nutricional do National Health Interview Survey Cancer Epidemiology, gerando 5 resultados possíveis: insatisfatório, mau, regular, bom e excelente. Para avaliar a adequação da ingestão alimentar foi utilizada uma escala de elaboração própria que utiliza 5 níveis que variam entre 0 a 4, onde 0 indica uma ingestão alimentar crítica e 4 uma ingestão alimentar como fator de proteção. Após a aplicação da anamnese nutricional, o profissional de saúde recolheu os dados do trabalhador relativos à ingestão de Calorias (Balanço Energético), hidratos de carbono Simples, Lipídios Saturados, Mineral Sódio e Fibras. Para análise do perfil de consumo foi selecionado o indicador de dislipidemia estratificado em 5 faixas de valor em mg/dl, seguindo a mesma lógica de classificação de adequação da ingestão alimentar. Resultados: Conclusões: Os resultados apresentados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias de educação nutricional no contexto de trabalho, melhorando o nível de conhecimento da população acerca da alimentação e favorecendo escolhas saudáveis. Nível de Conhecimento Alimentar Mineral Sódio Lípidos Saturados Fibras Carboidrato Simples Balanço Energético Dislipidemia A um maior nível de conhecimento alimentar estão associados níveis de ingestão 3 e 4 (Adequados ou como fator de proteção) (p <0,001). Identificou-se uma associação entre níveis de conhecimento alimentar 2, 3 e 4 a níveis de dislipidemia de 2, 3 e 4 (p <0,05).