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- Detection of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) in surfaces of dental medicine equipmentPublication . Gonçalves, Eva; Carvalhal, Rui; Mesquita, Rita; Azevedo, Joana; Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Manso, M. Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cardoso, Inês LopesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents one of the major causes of nosocomial infections, leading to high mortality. Surfaces in clinics, as well as the attending uniform and the hands of the dental doctor can be MRSA reservoirs. Having this in mind, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA on dental medicine equipment surfaces. 354 Samples were collected from six equipment surfaces in six attendance areas before and after patient consultation and cultured in a selective medium. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identity of bacterial strains as MRSA or MSSA. Data analysis was performed with chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction. It was observed 55.6% of uncontaminated samples. Contamination was: 17.5% MRSA (5.9% of samples collected before patient attendance and 11.6% after); 39.3% MSSA (14.1% collected before and 25.2% after). The prevalence of MRSA and MSSA was significantly higher after patient care. Integrated Clinic represented the most contaminated attendance area (MRSA 41.7%, MSSA 51.2%), the chair arm rest was the most contaminated surface for MRSA (29.7%) and the dental spittoon the most contaminated surface for MSSA (23.5%). Although a low level of contamination was observed, dental clinics, through patients possibly carrying bacteria, may be reservoirs for MRSA and MSSA transmission, and might contribute to potential nosocomial infections.
- Prevalence of antibiotic (ß-lactams, tetracycline, metronidazole, erythromycin) resistance genes in periodontic infectionsPublication . Freitas, Daniel; Gonçalves, Lara; Coelho, Maria João; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Magalhães, Ricardo; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cardoso, Inês LopesObjective: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia are thought to be pathogens in adult periodontitis. Antibiotherapy is usually needed in the treatment of periodontitis being often prescribed empirically. To allow prescription of a specific antibiotic treatment, identification of resistance genes should be performed. The aim of this study was the identification of the presence of TetM, TetQ, TEM, cfxA, MefA, ErmB and Nim resistance genes in previously identified P. intermedia and P. gingivalis isolated from samples collected from periodontal infections. Method: PCR was used for the identification of TetM, TetQ, TEM, cfxA, MefA, ErmB and Nim resistance genes in strains isolated from samples collected from periodontal infections. Results: It was seen that 8% of isolates had one of the tested tetracycline resistance genes. A total of 32% of β-lactamases resistance genes was observed in isolated strains. It was also observed that 2% of isolates had one of the analysed erythromycin resistance genes. None of the isolates showed the presence of the metronidazole resistance gene. Conclusions: Most strains harboring β-lactamase resistance genes had been previously identified as P. intermedia. No tetracycline resistance gene and a very low percentage of β-lactamase resistance genes were observed in P. gingivalis strains.
- Efeitos da vancomicina, tetraciclina, tigeciclina e metronidazol na proliferação/viabilidade de uma linha de células osteoblásticasPublication . Pacheco, Ana Paula; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Coelho, Maria João; Alegrete, Nuno; Fernandes, Maria HelenaNeste estudo foram avaliados mecanismos citotóxicos de alguns antibacterianos usados nos tratamentos de infecções ósseas, nomeadamente vancomicina, tetraciclina, tigeciclina e metronidazol numa gama de concentrações de 0,005 μg/mL a 100 μg/mL. Relativamente à vancomicina não foi encontrada nenhuma evidência de citotoxicidade sobre as células MG63. A tetraciclina tem um efeito tóxico a partir da concentração de 0,5 μg/mL, efeito igualmente verificado na tigeciclina, no entanto para concentrações inferiores a 0,01 μg/mL parece ter ocorrido uma estimulação da divisão celular para este último antibiótico. No caso do metronidazol parece ocorrer logo uma diminuição da proliferação nas concentrações inferiores a 0,05 μg/mL. In this study the citoxicity of some antibacterials commonly used in bone infections, namely vancomycin, tetracycline, tigecyclin and metronidazol in a concentration range of 0.005 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL was evaluated. Vancomycin did not present any evidence of causing citotoxic effects to MG63 cells. Tetracycline did present toxic effects in concentrations above 0.5 μg/mL. The same phenomena was observed with tigecycline, however in low concentrations (below to 0.01 μg/mL) proliferation of cells seemed to be increased. In the case of metronidazol proliferation was diminished in concentrations below to 0.05 μg/mL.
- Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among nursing students during curricular internshipPublication . Ferraz, Maria Pia; Magalhães, Ricardo; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Coelho, Maria João; Cardoso, Inês Lopes
- Identification of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among nursing students during curricular clinical internships: an observational studyPublication . Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Ferraz, Maria PiaStaphylococcus aureusis considered one of the most frequently isolated bacteria in the community and in the hospital environment, beingassociated with several infections.Healthcare professionalsrepresent a group vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus and MRSAcolonization, therefore being potential disseminators of these microorganisms during their care activities.The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of S. aureusand MRSA nasal colonization among nursing students over the four years of university attendance, including pre-clinical exposure and at different moments during clinical rotations. Samples were collected from students from the 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4thyear. The study identified 55.9% MSSA positive samples and 31.4% MRSA positive samplesfrom the total studied population. Simultaneous carriage of MRSA and MSSA was observed in students from all years of the nursing degree, but a highest MSSA colonization (61.5%) was linked to a lower MRSA colonization (30.8%). MRSA colonization seems to be dependent on the type of clinical internship, since the group attending internship in emergency rooms and surgery wards presented a significant increase in the amount of MRSA samples. Nursing students should be educated on the risks involved in carrying S.aureus and MRSA and informed about infection control measures.
- Identification of TEM, CfxA, TetM and TetQ genes in periodontic infectionsPublication . Freitas, D; Gonçalves, L; Cunha, S; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Coelho, Maria João; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cardoso, Inês Lopes
- Efeito da doxiciclina e da minociclina em células osteoblásticas humanas: estudos in vitroPublication . Coelho, Maria João; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Ferraz, Maria PiaA doxiciclina e a minociclina são antibióticos utilizados para eliminar infecções que surgem após o processo cirúrgico e que parecem exercer uma acção benéfica sobre o metabolismo ósseo. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que baixas concentrações destes fármacos(1-5 μg.ml-1) estimularam a proliferação das células de medula óssea humana. A exposição das células a 10 μg.ml-1 de minociclina pareceu estimular o aparecimento de uma população celular mais proliferativa mas menos diferenciada. As concentrações de 10 μg.ml-1 de doxiciclina e 25 μg.ml-1 de minociclina atrasaram a mineralização e concentrações mais elevadas destes antibióticos (25 μg.ml-1 de doxiciclina e 50 μg.ml-1 de minociclina) foram citotóxicas. Doxycycline and minocycline are antibiotics used to eliminate infections that arise after the surgical procedure that seem to have a beneficial action in bone metabolism. Results showed that low concentrations of these drugs (1-5 μg.ml-1) stimulated human bone marrow cell proliferation. The exposure of cells to 10 μg.ml-1 minocycline stimulated the emergence of a more proliferative population but less differentiated. Concentrations of 10 μg.ml-1 doxycycline and 25 μg.ml-1 minocycline delayed the mineralization and higher concentrations of these antibiotics (25 μg.ml-1 doxycycline and 50 μg.ml-1 minocycline) were cytotoxic.
- Is MRSA/MSSA a contamination risk on surfaces of the dental equipment?Publication . Gonçalves, Eva; Carvalhal, Rui; Mesquita, Rita; Azevedo, Joana; Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Manso, M. Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de
- Cerium and gentamicin antibacterial activity on loaded calcium-phosphates microspheresPublication . Ferraz, Maria Pia; Caetana, Vanessa; Soares, Stephanie; Coelho, Maria João; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Magalhães, Ricardo; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; M A Lopes
- The effects of tigecycline on human osteoblasts in vitroPublication . Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Coelho, Maria JoãoA osteomielite, infecção no tecido ósseo, é uma doença que afecta gravemente os pacientes, uma vez que destrói grandes quantidades de tecido ósseo. A tigeciclina é um antibiótico recentemente disponível, que pode proporcionar melhores resultados no combate a infecções ósseas por organismos resistentes a outros antibióticos. Não existem na bibliografia dados disponíveis sobre a interacção da tigeciclina com as células ósseas. Neste trabalho foi demonstrado que a tigeciclina em elevadas concentrações tem efeitos nocivos para o tecido ósseo nomeadamente na proliferação dos osteoblastos. Esta informação deve ser ponderada na aplicação de dispositivos de aplicação local do antibiótico. Em baixas concentrações este fenómeno não foi verificado. Osteomyelitis (bone tissue infection), is a very serious disease affecting many patients by destroying large portions of bone tissue. Tigecycline is a recently available antibiotic to overcome bacteria resistance phenomena in bone tissue infections. No information is available regarding its direct effects on bone cells. We have demonstrated deleterious effects of high tigecycline concentrations on viability and proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. This finding should be carefully taken into account when a local antibiotic application is used. However, at lower concentrations tigecycline this effect was not observed.