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- Amelogenin-based molecular methods for sexual dimorphism identification: protocol of a scoping reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Correia de Castro, Filipe; Guimarães, Maria InêsForensic dentistry and sexual dimorphism are distinct concepts. Still, they are related due to the usefulness that the first may have in the second, and this review focuses on them. A scoping review will be performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology. Scientific databases and grey literature will be used, and the following keywords will be applied: amelogenin, analyses, sex determination, and human identification. This scoping review will include in vitro studies concerning the goal of this review. This scoping review will deepen our knowledge concerning using teeth and amelogenin genes in sex identification in a forensic context. According to the available data, it will help implement guidelines for human remains identification. This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.
- Antimicrobial potential of cannabinoids: a scoping review of the past 5 yearsPublication . Coelho, Maria João; Araújo, Maria Duarte; Carvalho, Marcia; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Manso, Maria da Conceição; Pina, CristinaIn the scenario of fighting bacterial resistance to antibiotics, natural products have been extensively investigated for their potential antibacterial activities. Among these, cannabinoids—bioactive compounds derived from cannabis—have garnered attention for their diverse biological activities, including anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabinoids may also possess significant antimicrobial properties, with potential applications in enhancing the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this review examines evidence from the past five years on the antimicrobial properties of cannabinoids, focusing on underlying mechanisms such as microbial membrane disruption, immune response modulation, and interference with microbial virulence factors. In addition, their synergistic potential, when used alongside standard therapies, underscores their promise as a novel strategy to address drug resistance, although further research and clinical trials are needed to validate their therapeutic use. Overall, cannabinoids offer a promising avenue for the development of innovative treatments to combat drug-resistant infections and reduce the reliance on traditional antimicrobial agents.
- Assessing the preparedness of dental professionals for bioterrorism events: protocol of a scoping review on knowledge gaps and strategiesPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Chiadmi, Yasmine; Sá, Mariana; Moreira, Teresa; Lopes Cardoso, InêsIntroduction: Forensic dentistry and bioterrorism are distinct concepts, yet they are connected through the role forensic dentistry plays in identifying victims and analysing biological threats. This review examines the intersection and significance of these factors, considering the available training, protocols, and preventive measures. Hence, this scoping review aims to assess the current literature on the role of dental professionals in bioterrorism response, identify existing knowledge gaps, and propose strategies for enhancing preparedness. Methods: A scoping review will be performed according to Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Scientific databases as well as grey literature will be used and the following keywords will be applied: bioterrorism, dental health services, dentists, dental care, emergency response. Results: This scoping review is expected to identify and map the extent of existing evidence regarding the preparedness of dental professionals to respond to bioterrorism events. Anticipated findings include significant gaps in knowledge, limited integration of bioterrorism-related content in dental education, and uneven preparedness across countries and professional backgrounds. The review will likely highlight that while most dentists express willingness to assist in emergency responses, they often lack the specific competencies and formal training required. Additionally, it is expected to identify effective educational strategies and models—such as simulation-based training, online learning, and interdisciplinary collaboration—that may enhance preparedness. The synthesized evidence will inform recommendations for curriculum development, continuing professional education, and policy-making aimed at strengthening bioterrorism readiness within dental healthcare systems. Conclusions: This scoping review will enhance our understanding concerning dental practice and bioterrorism in a forensic context. According to the available data, it will help implement guidelines for dental preparedness. This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.
- Bacterial contamination of Gutta-Percha points from different brands and the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocolPublication . Bracciale, Francesca; Marino, Nicole; Noronha, Anariely; Manso, Maria da Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Pina, Cristina; Moura Teles, AnaObjective: To evaluate the bacterial contamination of different brands of Gutta-Percha (GP) points routinely used in clinical practice and the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocol with sodium hypochlorite. Methods: GP points (n=240), in sizes A, B, C, D, K15, K20, K25, K30, K35, K40, F1, F2, F3 (Dentsply®, Proclinic®, ProTaper® and R&S®), were randomly sampled from commercial packages already in use. These were added directly to Fluid Thioglycolate Medium (one GP point per tube) and incubated at 37ºC for 21 days. During this period, the presence/absence of turbidity was evaluated. To evaluate the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocol, all detected contaminated GP points were immersed for 1 minute in 10 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, followed by 5 minutes in 10 mL of detergent solution (3% Tween 80 and 5% sodium thiosulfate) and a final rinse with 10 mL of sterile distilled water and incubated. The data was analysed using the chi-square test and differences between characteristics of dichotomic variables were performed using the binomial test. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: Bacterial growth was observed in 22.9% of the total study samples. Dentsply® and R&S® showed the highest level of contamination, 47.3% each, although without significant differences to the other commercial brands. The most contaminated GP point size was K30 (16.4%). The chairside disinfection protocol was effective in disinfection of 76.4% of GP points (P<0.001). Conclusion: A real small number of GP points in clinical use harboured bacteria, including after the Chairside Disinfection Protocol that, anyway, proved to be effective. No significant difference was observed between tested commercial brands.
- Degree of contamination of Gutta-Percha points by Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) strainsPublication . Moura Teles, Ana; Pina, Cristina; Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Tramontana, Antea; Cardoso, Miguel; Duarte, Ana Sofia; Bartolomeu, Maria; Noites, RitaMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the most harmful bacteria to human health. Dentistry, like all healthcare disciplines, places great emphasis on preventing scenarios that may result in cross-infection. Although various tested and already used materials are suitable for filling the root canal system, Gutta-Percha (GP) remains the preferred and widely accepted gold standard. Objective: We performed an in vitro analysis of the contamination of GP points, regarding the strains of Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus, using classical microbiology methods and molecular biology techniques. Methods: Gutta-Percha points of two different brands from opened packages (already in use for 1 month) were collected for analysis. The assessment involved incubating the GP points in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium to detect microbial growth. Growing microorganisms were plated on a selective and differential chromogenic medium for MRSA/MSSA strains, and the identification of isolates was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In the case of microbial growth, the GP point was submitted to a disinfection protocol. Results: From the 315 collected GP points, only 6 (1.9%) resulted in being positive for microbial growth. After confirmation by PCR, only one sample of the six GP points was contaminated by MRSA, and the remaining five were MSSA-contaminated. The disinfection protocol was effective in all contaminated GP points. Conclusions: The Gutta-Percha points from opened pre-sterilized packages showed a very low degree of contamination by MRSA/MSSA. However, the detection of MSSA and MRSA strains raises concerns about potential contamination in dental clinic environments, and this risk cannot be considered negligible.
- Determination of sexual dimorphism through molecular methods: a scoping reviewPublication . Guimarães, Maria Inês; Moreira, Teresa; Dupuis, Clarisse; Lopes Cardoso, InêsBackground: Sexual dimorphism is crucial in forensic investigations. Molecular methods involving amelogenin, a protein in tooth enamel, are used to determine sexual dimorphism by extracting DNA from teeth, amplifying the gene coding for amelogenin through PCR, and analyzing PCR product sizes to identify X and/or Y chromosomes. Objective: This scoping review explored scientific studies using the amelogenin gene to determine sex in forensic dentistry. It addressed the research question: do molecular methods determine sexual dimorphism for forensic identification? Material and methods: A literature review (1996–2024) was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE (via BVS), and CINAHL (via EBSCO host). Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection process, summarized in a PRISMA flowchart. A PCC (Population-Concept-Context) strategy was applied to formulate the research question. Results: Thirteen of the 1091 articles initially considered met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies examined forensic dentistry and sex determination through amelogenin identification. They were categorized into “with treatment” (7 studies) and “without treatment” (6 studies), and all involved in vitro research. Conclusion: Molecular methods targeting the amelogenin gene on the X and Y chromosomes offer an accurate and reliable approach to determining sex.
- Genetic bases in the reabsorption of the mandibular residual crestPublication . Moura Teles, Ana; Colombo, Juan; Lopes Cardoso, InêsThe increase in life span of the human being leads to the appearance of new challenges for the health sciences. As a result of getting old, chronic and degenerative diseases started to occupy a predominant role in clinical research in the last decades. It is the case of degenerative processes that occur in the oral cavity after teeth loss.Mandibular residual ridge resorption is a widely studied process from the middle of last century and muchresearch relate this process with multiple factors. Recently, the understanding of the biological processes that occur after tooth extraction has been amplified.In this work, genetic factors involved in mandibular residual ridge resorption are discussed and the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of some genes and mandibular residual ridge resorptionare stablished.
- Genetic involvement in dental treatment fearPublication . Khodabakhshi, Donja; Pina, Cristina; Moura Teles, Ana; Lopes Cardoso, InêsBeing a global health concern, dental fear and anxiety is estimated to affect at least one in ten individuals all around the globe. Ensuing the vicious circle of dental fear comes detrimental outcomes in quality of life. Despite the wide range of knowledge concerning the environmental factors that contribute to the acquisition of dental fear and anxiety, the prevalence has not decreased, giving researchers the possibility to highlight other concomitant etiological factors. The possible hereditary or genetic component is most recently being explored, although facing tremendous dynamical elements to substantially delineate its role. The purpose of this review was to explore, reflect and call attention to the current knowledge of the genetic involvement of dental treatment fear and anxiety. Although findings mostly stress the relation between dental fear to other phenotypes giving rise to individual vulnerability, there are studies disclosing suggestive heritability rates for dental fear and anxiety.
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and its manifestations in the oral cavityPublication . Cardoso, Jennifer; de Faria Carvalho, Célio Domingos; Carvalho Silva, Cátia; Moura Teles, Ana; C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Lopes Cardoso, InêsThe Ectodermal Dysplasias generally present orofacial manifestations, such as skeletal discrepancies and dental alterations. Therefore, the role of a paediatric dentist in the detection and recognition of these repercussions can be crucial in early diagnosis of the disease. The oral rehabilitation of paediatric patients with this condition is extremely important, ideally, at a very early stage, yet contributing for the re-establishment of normal chewing, swallowing and phonetics functions, and, naturally, aesthetics increase. The purpose of this narrative review aims to elucidate dentists about their role in the detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of the Ectodermal Dysplasia’ oral manifestations in paediatric patients, through the presentation of general physical and specific craniofacial characteristics.
- The impact of genetics on craniofacial dysplasias and consequent oral malformations: integrative reviewPublication . Lopes Cardoso, Inês; Guimarães, Maria Inês; Touboul, Laura; C. Leal, M. Fernanda; Via, MarcBackground/Objectives: Diseases affecting the craniofacial skeleton are normally associated with disturbances in the regulation of cellular differentiation, the development of bone structures, and changes in bone density and ossification. Thus, the objective of this integrative review is to evaluate the published scientific literature from the last 8 years concerning the impact of genetics on some craniofacial dysplasias. Our aim covers the identification of oral cavity alterations to those dysplasias, through the most common oro-facial manifestations. Three dysplasias were selected to be part of this integrative review: cleidocranial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia and Apert syndrome. Methods: For this purpose, a bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Sci-ence and Google Scholar databases with several keywords combined with each other. The research question of this review was as follows: “What is the impact of genetic factors on the development of craniofacial dysplasias and associated oral malformations?”. Results: After selecting the articles through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Genetics plays a crucial role in cranio-facial dysplasias and subsequent oral malformations. The main conclusion was that mutations in different genes can lead to identical phenotypes, while mutations in the same gene can present slight phenotypic differences depending on where they occur. In the future, it would be important to conduct studies with larger samples and control groups that include genetic testing to allow for a more comprehensive study on the impact of genetics on craniofacial dysplasias.