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- Use of essential oils in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis: a review of mechanisms of action, in vitro studies, and clinical trials – narrative reviewPublication . Bokobza, Nathan; Neves, Helena; Abreu, CristinaThis review aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis as a therapeutic alternative or complementary modality, exploring both their mechanisms of action and data from in vitro and clinical studies, in order to understand their potential to improve the clinical parameters of the discase and overall periodontal health. Finally, in light of the insights gained, this review will address the challenges and opportunities related to integrating aromatherapy into dental practices. Through a bibliographic search conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scielo databases, we have selected a total of 131 articles over more than a thousand of positive results. The included articles are published between January 2000 and September 2024. Arbitrary inclusion criteria are applied for the articles in this work, including laboratory studies that clarify the mechanisms by which EOs act on biofilms and periodontal pathogens, as well as in vitro studies and randomized clinical trials on humans that assessed the antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory efficacy of EOs, as a therapeutic alternative or as a complementary modality, compared to standard treatments or a placebo, in the English language. The exclusion criteria are articles not related to the topic, articles in other language than English, clinical trials on animals, and articles before 2000. This review extensively evaluates the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and antiinflammatory effects of EOs against key periodontal pathogens, as well as their mechanisms of action. The findings highlight the potential of EOs in disrupting biofilms, inhibiting bacterial growth, and reduce inflammation. In clinical trials, EOs have proven effective in preventing and treating periodontitis, reducing plaque and gingivitis in toothpastes and mouthwashes, and improving clinical outcomes when used as adjuncts in periodontal procedures. EOs present a promising alternative to conventional treatments, offering fewer side effects and addressing the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. However, their complex compositions and lack of standardization present challenges for clinical use, as understanding their pharmacokinetics and effective dosages is still limited. With further research and standardization, EOs offer a natural alternative to conventional treatments.