Browsing by Author "Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de"
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- Bacterial contamination of gutta-percha points from different brands and the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocolPublication . Bracciale, Francesca; Marino, Nicole; Noronha, Anariely; Manso, M. Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Teles, Ana MouraObjective: To evaluate the bacterial contamination of different brands of Gutta-Percha (GP) points routinely used in clinical practice and the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocol with sodium hypochlorite. Methods: GP points (n=240), in sizes A, B, C, D, K15, K20, K25, K30, K35, K40, F1, F2, F3 (Dentsply®, Proclinic®, ProTaper® and R&S®), were randomly sampled from commercial packages already in use. These were added directly to Fluid Thioglycolate Medium (one GP point per tube) and incubated at 37ºC for 21 days. During this period, the presence/absence of turbidity was evaluated. To evaluate the efficacy of a chairside disinfection protocol, all detected contaminated GP points were immersed for 1 minute in 10 mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, followed by 5 minutes in 10 mL of detergent solution (3% Tween 80 and 5% sodium thiosulfate) and a final rinse with 10 mL of sterile distilled water and incubated. The data was analysed using the chi-square test and differences between characteristics of dichotomic variables were performed using the binomial test. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: Bacterial growth was observed in 22.9% of the total study samples. Dentsply® and R&S® showed the highest level of contamination, 47.3% each, although without significant differences to the other commercial brands. The most contaminated GP point size was K30 (16.4%). The chairside disinfection protocol was effective in disinfection of 76.4% of GP points (P<0.001). Conclusion: A real small number of GP points in clinical use harboured bacteria, including after the Chairside Disinfection Protocol that, anyway, proved to be effective. No significant difference was observed between tested commercial brands.
- Cerium and gentamicin antibacterial activity on loaded calcium-phosphates microspheresPublication . Ferraz, Maria Pia; Caetana, Vanessa; Soares, Stephanie; Coelho, Maria João; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Magalhães, Ricardo; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; M A Lopes
- Detection of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) in surfaces of dental medicine equipmentPublication . Gonçalves, Eva; Carvalhal, Rui; Mesquita, Rita; Azevedo, Joana; Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Manso, M. Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cardoso, Inês LopesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents one of the major causes of nosocomial infections, leading to high mortality. Surfaces in clinics, as well as the attending uniform and the hands of the dental doctor can be MRSA reservoirs. Having this in mind, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA on dental medicine equipment surfaces. 354 Samples were collected from six equipment surfaces in six attendance areas before and after patient consultation and cultured in a selective medium. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identity of bacterial strains as MRSA or MSSA. Data analysis was performed with chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction. It was observed 55.6% of uncontaminated samples. Contamination was: 17.5% MRSA (5.9% of samples collected before patient attendance and 11.6% after); 39.3% MSSA (14.1% collected before and 25.2% after). The prevalence of MRSA and MSSA was significantly higher after patient care. Integrated Clinic represented the most contaminated attendance area (MRSA 41.7%, MSSA 51.2%), the chair arm rest was the most contaminated surface for MRSA (29.7%) and the dental spittoon the most contaminated surface for MSSA (23.5%). Although a low level of contamination was observed, dental clinics, through patients possibly carrying bacteria, may be reservoirs for MRSA and MSSA transmission, and might contribute to potential nosocomial infections.
- Efeito da doxiciclina e da minociclina em células osteoblásticas humanas: estudos in vitroPublication . Coelho, Maria João; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Ferraz, Maria PiaA doxiciclina e a minociclina são antibióticos utilizados para eliminar infecções que surgem após o processo cirúrgico e que parecem exercer uma acção benéfica sobre o metabolismo ósseo. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que baixas concentrações destes fármacos(1-5 μg.ml-1) estimularam a proliferação das células de medula óssea humana. A exposição das células a 10 μg.ml-1 de minociclina pareceu estimular o aparecimento de uma população celular mais proliferativa mas menos diferenciada. As concentrações de 10 μg.ml-1 de doxiciclina e 25 μg.ml-1 de minociclina atrasaram a mineralização e concentrações mais elevadas destes antibióticos (25 μg.ml-1 de doxiciclina e 50 μg.ml-1 de minociclina) foram citotóxicas. Doxycycline and minocycline are antibiotics used to eliminate infections that arise after the surgical procedure that seem to have a beneficial action in bone metabolism. Results showed that low concentrations of these drugs (1-5 μg.ml-1) stimulated human bone marrow cell proliferation. The exposure of cells to 10 μg.ml-1 minocycline stimulated the emergence of a more proliferative population but less differentiated. Concentrations of 10 μg.ml-1 doxycycline and 25 μg.ml-1 minocycline delayed the mineralization and higher concentrations of these antibiotics (25 μg.ml-1 doxycycline and 50 μg.ml-1 minocycline) were cytotoxic.
- Identification of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among nursing students during curricular clinical internships: an observational studyPublication . Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Ferraz, Maria PiaStaphylococcus aureusis considered one of the most frequently isolated bacteria in the community and in the hospital environment, beingassociated with several infections.Healthcare professionalsrepresent a group vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus and MRSAcolonization, therefore being potential disseminators of these microorganisms during their care activities.The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of S. aureusand MRSA nasal colonization among nursing students over the four years of university attendance, including pre-clinical exposure and at different moments during clinical rotations. Samples were collected from students from the 1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4thyear. The study identified 55.9% MSSA positive samples and 31.4% MRSA positive samplesfrom the total studied population. Simultaneous carriage of MRSA and MSSA was observed in students from all years of the nursing degree, but a highest MSSA colonization (61.5%) was linked to a lower MRSA colonization (30.8%). MRSA colonization seems to be dependent on the type of clinical internship, since the group attending internship in emergency rooms and surgery wards presented a significant increase in the amount of MRSA samples. Nursing students should be educated on the risks involved in carrying S.aureus and MRSA and informed about infection control measures.
- Identification of TEM, CfxA, TetM and TetQ genes in periodontic infectionsPublication . Freitas, D; Gonçalves, L; Cunha, S; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Coelho, Maria João; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cardoso, Inês Lopes
- Identification of yeast and non-pigmented cultivable endodontic bacteria in adult portuguese patientsPublication . Teles, Ana Moura; Manso, M. Conceição; Loureiro, Sara Manuela Marinho; Silva, Ricardo; Madeira, Inês; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cabeda, José ManuelIntroduction This study has focused on the identification of the yeasts and non-pigmented bacteria present on adult patients with necrosis or apical periodontitis and the ones who resisted chemomechanical preparation and intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste (Ca(OH)2) or 2% chlorohexidine digluconate gel (CHX). Methods 69 single-rooted teeth of adult patients with necrosis associated or not with apical periodontitis were selected (strict inclusion criteria); CHX group: 34 teeth; Ca(OH)2 group: 35 teeth. Bacteria samples were taken at baseline (S1), after chemo-mechanical preparation (S2) and after 14 days of intracanal dressing (S3). Bacteria and fungal presence was evaluate by means of culture in three atmospheres (aerobic, anaerobic, microaerofilic) in appropriate culture broads. Strict techniques were used for serial dilution, plating, incubation and identification. Results The most represented, abundant and prevalent strains of non-pigmented bacteria were Propionibacterium acnes (detected in S1, S2 and S3), Gemella morbillorum and Clostridium difficile. Candida albicans was found in 9 patients. The higher number of isolates proceeded from S1, being S2 the moment with lowest number of isolates. CHX had a worst performance in disinfection of the root canal system; consequently the number of isolates from S3 samples was bigger compared to Ca(OH)2. The number of identified bacterial species per canal/moment of sampling, varied from zero till 5, including yeasts (Candida albicans). Conclusions: Our findings confirm that the microbiota from primary endodontic infections is polymicrobial, and the anaerobes Gram-positive non-pigmented bacteria are well represented. CHX performed worse, consequently the number of isolates from S3 samples was bigger when compared to Ca(OH)2 as well as with diagnosis of necrosis.
- In vivo evaluation of microbial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation of necrotic root canals with or without apical periodontitisPublication . Teles, Ana Moura; Manso, M. Conceição; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cabeda, José ManuelObjectives: Assessment of bacterial reduction after chemo-mechanical preparation (using 3% sodium hypochlorite) with or without intracanal dressing (calcium hydroxide paste (Ca(OH)2) or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel (CHX)) in necrotic pulps associated or not with apical lesion. Methods: Prospective clinical trial, in 69 adult patient’s teeth with pulpal necrosis associated or not with apical periodontitis. Microbiological root-canal-sampling occurred before treatment (S1), after chemo-mechanical preparation (S2) and after 14 days intracanal dressing (S3). Colony Forming Units (CFU) were counted after growth in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerofilic cultures. Comparison of the median CFUs treatments and culture media was done with the Friedman test. Comparison of the intracanal dressing effect at S3 was done with the Wilcoxon and the Mann–Whitney tests. Because of the huge differences in bacterial counts variations were expressed as log 10 to analyze differences among intracanal medication groups. S2 and S3 counts were expressed as percentage of CFU reduction regarding S1 counts. Results: Significant differences were detected between S1, S2 and S3 (Friedman test; p < 0.001), showing a significant decrease from S1 to S2 (Wilcoxon test; p < 0.004), followed by a significant increase from S2 to S3 (p < 0.001) for the CHX group, maintenance for the Ca(OH)2 group in aerobic/anaerobic (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.777/0.227), and increase in the microaerofilic culture (Wilcoxon test; p = 0.047). The two groups only differed significantly in S3 (Mann–Whitney test; p ≤ 0.001), with a worse performance in the CHX group. Conclusions: Treatment significantly reduced the number of bacteria but failed to render all root canals sterile. Ca(OH)2 performed better than CHX gel.
- Is MRSA/MSSA a contamination risk on surfaces of the dental equipment?Publication . Gonçalves, Eva; Carvalhal, Rui; Mesquita, Rita; Azevedo, Joana; Coelho, Maria João; Magalhães, Ricardo; Ferraz, Maria Pia; Manso, M. Conceição; Gavinha, Sandra; Cardoso, Inês Lopes; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de
- Microorganisms: the reason to perform endodonticsPublication . Teles, Ana Moura; Manso, M. Conceição; Loureiro, Sara; Pina, Cristina Maria San Román Gomes de; Cabeda, José ManuelThat we perform Endodontics because there are microorganisms is now beyond doubt. Nevertheless, not only the microorganisms, but also the host response have a profound effect on the progression of the disease. Many papers confirmed the polymicrobial nature of pulpal and periapical diseases of endodontic origin and the efficiency of the chemo-mechanical procedures based on physical and chemical elimination of their etiologic factors, whose principles were first presented as far as 1928 by Hall. Since not only bacterial load may be related to the clinical outcome, but also the bacterial composition of the microbiological canal ecosystem, we aimed at the enumeration of the microorganisms present in the different types of endodontic infections. Although the emerging picture is clearly a complex one, not allowing clear-cut association of bacteria and clinical situation, only the further pursuit of elucidation of the many factors involved (including geographical variability) will ultimately lead to rational treatment solutions.