Browsing by Author "Fernandes, Carlos"
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- Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) restaurações atraumáticas - uma alternativa viável em saúde públicaPublication . Paim, Heloisa; Fernandes, Carlos
- "A capacidade de pensar no que os outros pensam" - teoria da mente na esquizofrenia: revisão da literaturaPublication . Rocha, Joana; Fernandes, Carlos; Rocha, NunoO uso da Linguagem envolve uma série de regras conversacionais que implica a capacidade de inferir sobre os estados mentais dos outros. Esta capacidade metacognitiva designa-se de Teoria da Mente (TM) e tem sido estudada mais rigorosamente nas últimas décadas. A literatura aponta que esta competência se encontra severamente perturbada na doença mental severa (e.g. Esquizofrenia), pelo que os objectivos do presente trabalho se resumem à caracterização da TM, da relação que esta estabelece com a linguagem, e como se encontra perturbada especificamente na Esquizofrenia. Parece também existir uma ligação relevante entre TM e os neurónios-espelho (Mirror Neurons) que fortalece esta discussão. Em relação à avaliação da TM, esta não é considerada uma tarefa linear, pelo que existem diferentes instrumentos para este fim, sendo que cada um incide numa competência específica de TM. Por último, dado que na Esquizofrenia existem défices ao nível da TM e no uso da linguagem, é também apontada a necessidade de incluir estas competências no desenho de programas de reabilitação psiquiátrica. The pragmatics use of language requires specific conversational rules that are related to the ability to attribute mental states to others. This meta-cognitive capacity has been largely studied in the last decades, and it is commonly defined as Theory of Mind (TM). Literature shows that TM is impaired in severe mental disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia), so the purpose of this paper is to define TM and it´s relation to language, and how it appears to be specifically impaired in Schizophrenia. It seems that there is also an important relation between TM and Mirror-Neurons, relevant to this discussion. Assessing TM has some difficulties and limitations, and there are several instruments designed to assess TM skills. As a conclusion, there are some references to the importance of cognitive remediation in these patients, because in schizophrenia we found deficits in theory of mind and language use, so these can be important targets of psychosocial treatments programs.
- Crystal structures of ethyl 6-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylate and ethyl 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylatePublication . Gomes, Ligia R.; Low, John Nicolson; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaspar, Alexandra; Borges, FernandaThe crystal structures of two chromone derivatives, viz. ethyl 6-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylate, C19H16O4, (1), and ethyl 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylate C18H13FO4, (2), have been determined: (1) crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A comparison of the dihedral angles beween the mean planes of the central chromone core with those of the substituents, an ethyl ester moiety at the 2-position and a para-substituted phenyl ring at the 6-position shows that each molecule differs significantly from the others, even the two independent molecules (a and b) of (1). In all three molecules, the carbonyl groups of the chromone and the carboxylate are trans-related. The supramolecular structure of (1) involves only weak C-H...[pi] interactions between H atoms of the substituent phenyl group and the phenyl group, which link molecules into a chain of alternating molecules a and b, and weak [pi]-[pi] stacking interactions between the chromone units. The packing in (2) involves C-H...O interactions, which form a network of two intersecting ladders involving the carbonyl atom of the carboxylate group as the acceptor for H atoms at the 7-position of the chromone ring and from an ortho-H atom of the exocyclic benzene ring. The carbonyl atom of the chromone acts as an acceptor from a meta-H atom of the exocyclic benzene ring. [pi]-[pi] interactions stack the molecules by unit translation along the a axis.