FCS - Artigos em Revistas Científicas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica
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Browsing FCS - Artigos em Revistas Científicas Internacionais com Arbitragem Científica by Author "Almeida, Cristina"
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- Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk of Portuguese Lactating Women: Prospective Study from the 1st to the 16th Week of LactationPublication . Ribeiro, M.; Balcão, Victor; Guimaraes, H.; Rocha, G.; Moutinho, Carla; Matos, Carla; Almeida, Cristina; Casal, S.; Guerra, A.Background/Aims: Fatty acid (FA) composition varies over the course of the day and during lactation. The aim of this study was to evaluate FA composition and its compositional stability in human milk, from day 7 to week 16 of lactation. Methods: Human milk was collected from all feedings over 24 h at day 7 and weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16 of lactation in 31 lactating women. FAs were analyzed through gas chromatography. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance. Results: Total monounsaturated FAs decreased from 33.04 ± 2.58% wt/wt at day 7 to 31.48 ± 3.32% wt/wt at week 16 of lactation, much at the expenses of the decrease in the major monounsaturated FA found in human milk, oleic acid. Main polyunsaturated FAs n-6 and n-3 showed fluctuations from day 7 up to week 16 of lactation, but with no statistical significance. Arachidonic acid significantly decreased from transitional to mature milk. Conclusions: The FA profile obtained throughout the study time points presented very low levels of oleic acid and very high linoleic acid/α-linoleic acid ratios which reflect recent changes in Portuguese women’s food patterns. Despite this, the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratio remained constant during the study, suggesting a protective metabolic mechanism.
- Total antioxidant activity and trace elements in human milk: the first 4 months of breast-feedingPublication . Matos, Carla; Moutinho, Carla; Balcão, Victor; Almeida, Cristina; Ribeiro, Marta; Marques, Agostinho Franklim; Guerra, AntónioThe content of many nutrients in breast milk are dependent on the nutritional status of the lactating woman. This is particularly true for fat and water-soluble vitamins, some of which have antioxidant properties. The aim of the study entertained herein was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant status of human milk during the first 4 months of lactation, and to correlate such changes with the contents in specific antioxidant oligoelements (Cu, Zn, Mn and Se). Milk samples were collected from (31) lactating women recruited at the Service of Obstetrics of the Hospital de São João in Porto, after 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after birth. The total antioxidant status (TAS) of human milk was measured by the Randox® commercial kit and trace metals by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). The results found for TAS and oligoelements under study show a decrease in the concentration of these parameters from 7 days to 4 months of breast-feeding and significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between TAS and Cu, Zn and Se (not Mn). The decreases of Cu, Zn and Se were also correlated, but not proportional between them, suggesting diverse excretion mechanisms for all. Between primipara and multipara women, a significant difference was found only for Cu and Zn concentrations at 7 days of lactation, but not for the other metals or TAS. With respect to the mother’s age, no correlation was found, either for trace metal concentrations or TAS.
- Trace element compositional changes in human milk during the first four months of lactationPublication . Matos, Carla; Moutinho, Carla; Almeida, Cristina; Guerra, António; Balcão, VictorThe aims of this paper were to evaluate changes in specific oligoelements in human milk during the first four months of lactation and to correlate such changes with total antioxidant status (TAS) and other parameters, such as the mother's age, primipara versus multipara, and supplement intake. Milk samples were collected from 31 lactating women following 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after birth. Trace levels of 13 elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained for the oligoelements exhibited a decrease in concentration from 7 days to 4 months of breast-feeding, with exceptions. Correlations were found between TAS and Co, V, Rb and Tl. Between primipara and multipara, differences were found for Ni and Rb. Regarding the mother's age, correlation was found for Rb and Ba (increased for mothers older than 30 years). Increased amounts of Rb, Mo and Tl at any lactation period appeared in women who took supplements.