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O fenómeno criminal da corrupção contra o estado português
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A corrupção é um crime associada à política e à economia, muitas vezes visto como “um crime sem vítimas”, mas a verdade é que “não existem crimes sem vítimas” (Maia, 2004). Morgado e Vegar (2003) asseguram que a corrupção consiste num fenómeno que danifica a imagem do estado, erode a confiança do cidadão nos órgãos de soberania e prejudica o mercado e os contribuintes de forma indireta.
O ato da corrupção é de difícil combate, uma vez que se encontra geralmente associado à prática de outros crimes, nomeadamente da orla financeira. Este fenómeno acaba diversas vezes por levar a que a população, na sua generalidade, coloque em causa a eficácia do sistema de justiça e dos seus órgãos de polícia criminal (Maia 2011).
Com esta problemática muito presente nos nossos dias, surge o desenvolvimento deste projeto de graduação, cujo objetivo consiste na exploração da corrupção em território nacional, focando-se em diversas perspetivas, no impacto que apresenta para a sociedade e na forma como os cidadãos percecionam os atos de corrupção contra o estado de direito.
A estrutura deste projeto de graduação encontra-se dividida em duas partes. Numa primeira fase encontra-se desenvolvida uma componente teórica na qual se analisam diferentes perspetivas para a ocorrência do fenómeno, as alterações legislativas, a perceção social e os dados relativos às práticas de tais crimes. Segue-se então uma exposição do estudo empírico sugerido consistindo na aplicação de um inquérito por questionário aos funcionários públicos de autarquias consideradas vulneráveis aos atos de corrupção.
Corruption is a crime associated with politics and the economy, often seen as “a crime without victims”, but the truth is that “there aren’t any crimes without victims” (Maia, 2004). Morgado and Vegar (2003) assert that corruption is a phenomenon that damages the image of the state, erodes citizen confidence in sovereign bodies, damages the market and taxpayers indirectly. The act of corruption is difficult to combat, as it is generally associated with the commission of other crimes, notably the financial kind. This phenomenon often causes the general population to undermine the effectiveness of the justice system and its criminal police bodies (Maia 2011). With this problem very present today, the development of this undergraduate project emerges, whose objective is to explore corruption in the national territory, focusing on various perspectives, the impact it has on society and the way citizens perceive acts of corruption against the rule of law. The structure of this undergraduate project is divided into two parts. In the first phase, a theoretical component is developed in which different perspectives for the occurrence of the phenomenon, the legislative changes, the social perception and the data related to the practices of such crimes are analyzed. This is followed by an exposition of the suggested empirical study consisting in the application of a questionnaire survey to civil servants of municipalities considered vulnerable to acts of corruption.
Corruption is a crime associated with politics and the economy, often seen as “a crime without victims”, but the truth is that “there aren’t any crimes without victims” (Maia, 2004). Morgado and Vegar (2003) assert that corruption is a phenomenon that damages the image of the state, erodes citizen confidence in sovereign bodies, damages the market and taxpayers indirectly. The act of corruption is difficult to combat, as it is generally associated with the commission of other crimes, notably the financial kind. This phenomenon often causes the general population to undermine the effectiveness of the justice system and its criminal police bodies (Maia 2011). With this problem very present today, the development of this undergraduate project emerges, whose objective is to explore corruption in the national territory, focusing on various perspectives, the impact it has on society and the way citizens perceive acts of corruption against the rule of law. The structure of this undergraduate project is divided into two parts. In the first phase, a theoretical component is developed in which different perspectives for the occurrence of the phenomenon, the legislative changes, the social perception and the data related to the practices of such crimes are analyzed. This is followed by an exposition of the suggested empirical study consisting in the application of a questionnaire survey to civil servants of municipalities considered vulnerable to acts of corruption.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia
Palavras-chave
Corrupção Crime Perceção social Perspetivas Impacto Corruption Crime Social perception Perspectives Impact