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Publication
O espaço público do Bairro do Aleixo (Porto)
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Abstract(s)
O Bairro do Aleixo, na cidade do Porto, constitui o caso de estudo desta dissertação, focada especialmente na análise do seu espaço público. Inaugurado em 1974, numa área periférica da cidade, e demolido num passado recente, o Bairro teve relevância histórica no contexto da habitação social, mas também da arquitetura/urbanismo. Visando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos habitantes residentes no centro histórico da cidade que para aí foram deslocados, este bairro foi projetado sob novas ideologias urbanísticas e arquitetónicas, sofrendo, no tempo, intervenções profundas.
Hoje, a sua revisita pretendeu descrever/caracterizar o espaço público do Bairro entre a sua génese e o seu desaparecimento, retratando aspetos da sua história/evolução e da relação com a envolvente próxima. Assim, cruzou-se a história da cidade a partir da cartografia de final do séc. XIX e Plano urbanísticos do séc. XX, e aprofundou-se a história do Bairro via as peças desenhadas e escritas do projeto, documentários com o contributo de arquitetos que nele participaram, e bibliografia específica.
De que forma o Espaço Público do Bairro do Aleixo, desde a conceção até à demolição dos seus edifícios, evidencia a interação entre configuração morfológica, funções urbanas, dinâmicas sociais e valores simbólicos? E de que modo estes fatores condicionaram a sua identidade, integração na malha urbana e preservação da memória coletiva?
A investigação demonstrou que, apesar dos constrangimentos físicos e das limitações de integração urbana, o espaço público do Bairro preservou a identidade e relevância social, devido à solidez da sua estrutura morfológica, à permanência de elementos naturais e simbólicos e, sobretudo, à apropriação comunitária e persistência da memória coletiva. Atuando como suporte físico e simbólico das atividades coletivas e individuais, o espaço público desempenhou um papel estruturante no desenvolvimento do Bairro. Para além desta função prática, contribuiu para a consolidação de uma memória identitária partilhada, reforçando vínculos sociais e continuidade histórica da comunidade, confirmando que a vitalidade e a resiliência de um espaço público resultam da sua configuração física e do desenho urbano, mas também da relação contínua e significativa que estabelece com a comunidade que o habita.
No Bairro do Aleixo, o Genius Loci manifestou-se na articulação entre forma física do espaço, sua paisagem envolvente e práticas sociais que nele se desenvolveram. As torres, pela sua escala e implantação, constituíram marcos visuais que estruturaram a perceção do Bairro e reforçaram a sua singularidade no tecido urbano. Os arruamentos e espaços verdes centrais, estabelecendo percursos a zonas de encontro, contribuíram para a vivência comunitária e a continuidade das relações sociais. A vista sobre o rio Douro, elemento natural de forte carga simbólica, ancorou o Bairro a uma geografia e a uma memória partilhada, que, de acordo com Norberg-Schulz, se constitui precisamente nesta interação entre forma construída, contexto natural e apropriação humana, gerando a identidade do lugar, e permitindo que, mesmo perante transformações físicas ou sociais, o Aleixo tenha mantido um sentido de pertença e um caráter reconhecível. Este contributo abre assim espaço para a reflexão sobre políticas de habitação, regeneração urbana e o papel do espaço público.
The Aleixo Estate, in the city of Porto, constitutes the case study of this dissertation, with a particular focus on the analysis of its public space. Inaugurated in 1974 in a peripheral area of the city and demolished in the recent past, the estate held historical significance not only in the context of social housing but also in architecture and urbanism. Designed under new urbanistic and architectural ideologies, it aimed to improve the quality of life of residents relocated from the city’s historic centre, undergoing, over time, profound interventions. This revisitation seeks to describe and charactise the estate’s public space from its inception to its disappearance, portraying aspects of its history and evolution, as well as its relationship with the immediate surroundings. To this end, the history of the city was examined through late 19th-century cartography and 20th-century urban plans, while the history of the estate was deepened through the project’s drawings and written documents, documentaries featuring contributions from participating architects, and specialised bibliography. In what ways did the public space of the Aleixo Estate, from its conception to the demolition of its buildings, reveal the interaction between morphological configuration, urban functions, social dynamics, and symbolic values? And how did these factors shape its identity, integration into the urban fabric, and preservation of collective memory? The research demonstrated that, despite physical constraints and limitations in urban integration, the estate’s public space preserved its identity and social relevance due to the solidity of its morphological structure, the permanence of natural and symbolic elements, and, above all, the community’s appropriation and the persistence of collective memory. Serving as both a physical and symbolic support for collective and individual activities, the public space played a structuring role in the estate’s development. Beyond this practical function, it contributed to the consolidation of a shared identity memory, reinforcing social bonds and the community’s historical continuity, confirming that the vitality and resilience of a public space stem not only from its physical configuration and urban design but also from the continuous and meaningful relationship it established with the community that inhabits it. In the Aleixo Estate, the Genius Loci manifested itself in the articulation between the physical form of the space, its surrounding landscape, and the social practices that unfolded within it. The towers, through their scale and placement, became visual landmarks that structured the perception of the estate and reinforced its uniqueness within the urban fabric. The streets and central green spaces, establishing routes and meeting areas, contributed to the community life and the continuity of social relations. The view over River Douro, a natural element of strong symbolic value, anchored the estate to a shared geography and memory which, according to Norberg-Schulz, emerges precisely from the interaction between built form, natural context, and human appropriation, generating the identity of place and allowing the Aleixo to maintain a sense of belonging and recognisable character even in the face of physical or social transformations. This contribution thus open the way for reflection on housing policies, urban regeneration, and the role of public space.
The Aleixo Estate, in the city of Porto, constitutes the case study of this dissertation, with a particular focus on the analysis of its public space. Inaugurated in 1974 in a peripheral area of the city and demolished in the recent past, the estate held historical significance not only in the context of social housing but also in architecture and urbanism. Designed under new urbanistic and architectural ideologies, it aimed to improve the quality of life of residents relocated from the city’s historic centre, undergoing, over time, profound interventions. This revisitation seeks to describe and charactise the estate’s public space from its inception to its disappearance, portraying aspects of its history and evolution, as well as its relationship with the immediate surroundings. To this end, the history of the city was examined through late 19th-century cartography and 20th-century urban plans, while the history of the estate was deepened through the project’s drawings and written documents, documentaries featuring contributions from participating architects, and specialised bibliography. In what ways did the public space of the Aleixo Estate, from its conception to the demolition of its buildings, reveal the interaction between morphological configuration, urban functions, social dynamics, and symbolic values? And how did these factors shape its identity, integration into the urban fabric, and preservation of collective memory? The research demonstrated that, despite physical constraints and limitations in urban integration, the estate’s public space preserved its identity and social relevance due to the solidity of its morphological structure, the permanence of natural and symbolic elements, and, above all, the community’s appropriation and the persistence of collective memory. Serving as both a physical and symbolic support for collective and individual activities, the public space played a structuring role in the estate’s development. Beyond this practical function, it contributed to the consolidation of a shared identity memory, reinforcing social bonds and the community’s historical continuity, confirming that the vitality and resilience of a public space stem not only from its physical configuration and urban design but also from the continuous and meaningful relationship it established with the community that inhabits it. In the Aleixo Estate, the Genius Loci manifested itself in the articulation between the physical form of the space, its surrounding landscape, and the social practices that unfolded within it. The towers, through their scale and placement, became visual landmarks that structured the perception of the estate and reinforced its uniqueness within the urban fabric. The streets and central green spaces, establishing routes and meeting areas, contributed to the community life and the continuity of social relations. The view over River Douro, a natural element of strong symbolic value, anchored the estate to a shared geography and memory which, according to Norberg-Schulz, emerges precisely from the interaction between built form, natural context, and human appropriation, generating the identity of place and allowing the Aleixo to maintain a sense of belonging and recognisable character even in the face of physical or social transformations. This contribution thus open the way for reflection on housing policies, urban regeneration, and the role of public space.
Description
Keywords
Bairro do Aleixo Espaço público Transformação urbana Desenho urbano Memória coletiva Habitação plurifamiliar Aleixo neighbourhood Public space Urban transformation Urban design Collective memory Multi-family housing