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MilitarizaĆ§Ć£o especial
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Projeto de graduaĆ§Ć£o_42603 | 9.08 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O espaƧo exterior, outrora visto como um territĆ³rio neutro dedicado Ć investigaĆ§Ć£o cientĆfica, tem vindo a tornar-se num domĆnio estratĆ©gico de crescente relevĆ¢ncia militar.
Desde a corrida espacial entre os Estados Unidos e a UniĆ£o SoviĆ©tica, na Guerra Fria, atĆ© ao protagonismo atual de novas potĆŖncias como a China e a crescente onda de empresas privadas como a SpaceX, o espaƧo Ć© agora palco de disputas polĆticas, tecnolĆ³gicas e jurĆdicas. Este fenĆ³meno Ć© conhecido por militarizaĆ§Ć£o especial e levanta importantes questƵes no plano da seguranƧa internacional e do Direito Espacial.
Num primeiro momento, o estudo contextualiza o surgimento da militarizaĆ§Ć£o espacial desde os primeiros satĆ©lites espiƵes e mĆsseis intercontinentais atĆ© Ć criaĆ§Ć£o da NASA e a assinatura do Tratado do EspaƧo Exterior de 1967. Analisa-se o papel da ONU e do ComitĆ© para o Uso PacĆfico do EspaƧo Exterior bem como a evoluĆ§Ć£o das armas antissatĆ©lite e sistemas de vigilĆ¢ncia impulsionada pela lĆ³gica da superioridade tecnolĆ³gica.
Num segundo momento, Ć© explicado o envolvimento de atores nĆ£o estatais com destaque para empresas privadas norte-americanas que operam em articulaĆ§Ć£o com agĆŖncias governamentais, o surgimento da United States Space Force Ć© um dos exemplos que demonstram essa fusĆ£o.
Assim, esta dissertaĆ§Ć£o conclui que os tratados existentes se revelam obsoletos e insuficientes para lidar com os desafios atuais onde conceitos como o āuso pacĆficoā carecem de definiĆ§Ć£o clara e existe uma ausĆŖncia de mecanismos de fiscalizaĆ§Ć£o e sanĆ§Ć£o quando Ć exploraĆ§Ć£o de recursos naturais espaciais. Defende-se, por isso, a necessidade urgente da revisĆ£o e reforƧo do Direito Espacial Internacional com o objetivo de garantir uma utilizaĆ§Ć£o pacĆfica deste bem comum da humanidade.
Outer space, once seen as a neutral territory dedicated to scientific research, has increasingly become a strategic domain of growing militar relevance. From the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to the current protagonism of emerging powers such as China and the rising wave of private companies like SpaceX, space is now a stage for political, technological, and legal disputes. This phenomenon is known as space militarization and raises important questions in the fields of international security and space law. In a firtst instance, the study contextualizes the emergence of space militarization, from the first spy satellites and intercontinental missiles to the creation of NASA and the signing of the Outer Space Treaty in 1967. It analyzes the role of the United Nations and the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, as well as the evolution of anti-satellite weapons and surveillance systems driven by the logic of technological superiority. In a second instance, the involvement of non-state actors explained, with emphasis on American private companies operating in coordination with governmental agencies. The emergence of the United States Space Force is one of the examples that demonstrates this fusion. Thus, this dissertation concludes that existing treaties have become obsolete and insufficient to address current challenges, where concepts such as āpeaceful useā lack clear definition and there is an absence of oversight and sanction mechanisms regarding the exploitation of space natural resources. It therefore advocates for the urgent revision and strengthening of International Space Law in order to ensure the peaceful use of this common heritage of humanity.
Outer space, once seen as a neutral territory dedicated to scientific research, has increasingly become a strategic domain of growing militar relevance. From the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to the current protagonism of emerging powers such as China and the rising wave of private companies like SpaceX, space is now a stage for political, technological, and legal disputes. This phenomenon is known as space militarization and raises important questions in the fields of international security and space law. In a firtst instance, the study contextualizes the emergence of space militarization, from the first spy satellites and intercontinental missiles to the creation of NASA and the signing of the Outer Space Treaty in 1967. It analyzes the role of the United Nations and the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, as well as the evolution of anti-satellite weapons and surveillance systems driven by the logic of technological superiority. In a second instance, the involvement of non-state actors explained, with emphasis on American private companies operating in coordination with governmental agencies. The emergence of the United States Space Force is one of the examples that demonstrates this fusion. Thus, this dissertation concludes that existing treaties have become obsolete and insufficient to address current challenges, where concepts such as āpeaceful useā lack clear definition and there is an absence of oversight and sanction mechanisms regarding the exploitation of space natural resources. It therefore advocates for the urgent revision and strengthening of International Space Law in order to ensure the peaceful use of this common heritage of humanity.
Description
Projeto de GraduaĆ§Ć£o apresentado Ć Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenĆ§Ć£o do grau de Licenciada em CiĆŖncia PolĆtica e RelaƧƵes Internacionais.
Keywords
EspaƧo Sputnik MilitarizaĆ§Ć£o SatĆ©lite Direito Space Militarization Satellite Law
Pedagogical Context
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[s.n.]