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Técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais vs laser em odontopediatria: impactos biológicos e clínicos – revisão integrativa
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Objetivo: As técnicas cirúrgicas em odontopediatria evoluíram consideravelmente ao longo dos últimos anos. Tradicionalmente, os procedimentos eram realizados com instrumentos manuais e rotatórios, implicando trauma ao nível dos tecidos gengivais, hemorragias significativas e um tempo de cicatrização mais prolongado. Com os avanços tecnológicos, o laser passou a constituir uma alternativa minimamente invasiva, oferecendo benefícios clínicos e biológicos, tais como o controlo do sangramento, menor dor pós-operatória e recuperação mais rápida. O presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa comparando os impactos biológicos e clínicos das técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais bem como os associados à utilização do laser em odontopediatria.
Metodologia: A presente revisão integrativa foi conduzida a partir das bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Web of Science, abrangendo o período de 2015 a 2025. Foram incluídos estudos clínicos comparativos, ensaios clínicos e séries de casos que envolveram crianças submetidas a intervenções cirúrgicas, comparando a utilização do laser com as técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais. Os critérios de inclusão consideraram trabalhos que analisaram parâmetros como dor pós-operatória, hemorragia, tempo de cicatrização, necessidade de anestesia local e cooperação da criança durante o tratamento.
Resultados: A análise dos estudos selecionados demonstrou que a utilização do laser (CO₂, díodo e Er:YAG) está associada a uma tendência para a redução da dor, inflamação e hemorragia, bem como a uma melhor cooperação das crianças durante os tratamentos. Além disso, observou-se melhor controlo do sangramento, menor risco de infeção e menor necessidade de suturas e de anestesia local. Embora eficazes, as técnicas cirúrgicas convencionais, que recorrem a instrumentos manuais e rotatórios, como o bisturi, a cureta, a pinça e a tesoura cirúrgica, apresentaram maior desconforto, maior hemorragia e um tempo de cicatrização mais prolongado.
Conclusão: A evidência disponível sugere que a utilização do laser em odontopediatria constitui uma abordagem potencialmente mais conservadora, segura e confortável para a criança, em comparação com as técnicas convencionais. A sua adoção progressiva poderá representar um avanço significativo na prática clínica diária, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados em odontopediatria.
Objective: Surgical techniques in pediatric dentistry have evolved considerably in recent years. Traditionally, procedures were performed using manual and rotary instruments, resulting in trauma to gingival tissues, significant bleeding, and longer healing times. With technological advances, laser therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, offering clinical and biological benefits such as bleeding control, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery. The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review comparing the biological and clinical impacts of conventional surgical techniques with those associated with laser use in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: This integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. Comparative clinical studies, clinical trials, and case series involving children undergoing surgical interventions were included, comparing laser use with conventional surgical techniques. Inclusion criteria included studies that analyzed parameters such as postoperative pain, bleeding, healing time, need for local anesthesia, and improved child cooperation during treatment. Results: The analysis of the selected studies demonstrated that the use of lasers (CO₂, diode, and Er:YAG) is associated with reduced postoperative pain, inflammation, and bleeding, as well as improved child cooperation. In addition, better bleeding control, lower risk of infection, and reduced need for sutures and local anesthesia were observed. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry represents a more conservative, safe, and comfortable approach for children compared with conventional techniques. Its progressive adoption may constitute a significant advancement in clinical practice, contributing to improving quality of care in pediatric dentistry.
Objective: Surgical techniques in pediatric dentistry have evolved considerably in recent years. Traditionally, procedures were performed using manual and rotary instruments, resulting in trauma to gingival tissues, significant bleeding, and longer healing times. With technological advances, laser therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, offering clinical and biological benefits such as bleeding control, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery. The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review comparing the biological and clinical impacts of conventional surgical techniques with those associated with laser use in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: This integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. Comparative clinical studies, clinical trials, and case series involving children undergoing surgical interventions were included, comparing laser use with conventional surgical techniques. Inclusion criteria included studies that analyzed parameters such as postoperative pain, bleeding, healing time, need for local anesthesia, and improved child cooperation during treatment. Results: The analysis of the selected studies demonstrated that the use of lasers (CO₂, diode, and Er:YAG) is associated with reduced postoperative pain, inflammation, and bleeding, as well as improved child cooperation. In addition, better bleeding control, lower risk of infection, and reduced need for sutures and local anesthesia were observed. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry represents a more conservative, safe, and comfortable approach for children compared with conventional techniques. Its progressive adoption may constitute a significant advancement in clinical practice, contributing to improving quality of care in pediatric dentistry.
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Laser Bisturi Frenectomia Gengivectomia Impactos biológicos Impactos clínicos Scalpel Frenectomy Gingivectomy Biological impacts Clinical impacts