Loading...
Publication
Efeitos dos fármacos enquanto xenobióticos presentes no ambiente aquático ao nível das alterações tecidulares reportadas em peixes por vários estudos de toxicologia ambiental
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_23877 | 4.04 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente a poluição e contaminação do meio aquático devido à crescente descarga de efluentes domésticos, industriais ou agrícolas, intencionais ou acidentais, é um assunto relevante de Saúde Pública, sendo alvo de vários estudos e debates na comunidade científica e civil. Os fármacos, em função do seu elevado consumo e ineficaz remoção pelas estações de tratamento de águas residuais, são continuamente libertados para o compartimento aquático sob a sua forma original ou de metabolito secundário. Os fármacos utilizados na saúde humana, prática veterinária e aquacultura, possuem características físico-químicas que lhes conferem elevada persistência ambiental exercendo, frequentemente, toxicidade em organismos não-alvo ao nível de vários níveis tróficos. A sua acumulação no ambiente aquático tem demonstrado ser capaz de induzir mudanças patológicas nos peixes, a mais numerosa classe de vertebrados deste compartimento. Assim, o estudo dos efeitos toxicológicos na saúde do ecossistema reveste-se de uma importância primordial, pelo que a caracterização e quantificação deste risco é fundamental. Os peixes são o alvo deste trabalho pois são considerados espécies sentinelas, sendo utilizados como indicadores primários da qualidade da água, permitindo uma avaliação dos efeitos causados pela exposição continuada e concentrações sub-letais de xenobióticos, em particular aos fármacos. A histologia é considerada uma ferramenta sensível e útil para a determinação do estado de saúde dos peixes, registando os efeitos da exposição aguda ou crónica destes organismos aos xenobióticos aquáticos. Neste trabalho fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos histopatológicos de alguns fármacos ao nível dos principais órgãos afetados nos peixes (e.g. fígado, rim e gónadas).
Nowadays, pollution and contamination of the aquatic environment as a consequence of human activities is a major concern in what regards public health, as shown by the increasing number of scientific studies and debate within the scientific community. Several drugs used in human health, in light of their intensive use and deficient treatment, are continuously discharged to the environment, ultimately ending in aquatic compartments, either in their native form or as metabolites. A relevant number of drugs used in human health, veterinarian medicine or aquaculture display physical and chemical characteristics that confer them high environmental persistence, which frequently results in toxicity phenomena in non-target organisms across several trophic levels. Their accumulation in aquatic environments has been increasingly associated with pathological alterations in fish, the most representative class of vertebrates in the aquatic environment. Thus, the toxicological impact of these molecules in aquatic and human health are of pivotal importance, with the characterization and quantification of these risks being essential. In this work the organisms under study will be fish, as they are used as early markers of water quality, hence allowing the evaluation of the effects triggered by xenobiotics, in particular pharmaceuticals. Histopatholoy is a sensitive and useful tool for determining the health status of fish, being used for following the effects of acute or chronic exposition of fish to aquatic xenobiotics. In this work, a literature review focusing on the histopathological effects of some drugs on fish will be presented, with particular emphasis on the most relevant organs affected (e.g. liver, kidney and gonads), with special emphasis on gills.
Nowadays, pollution and contamination of the aquatic environment as a consequence of human activities is a major concern in what regards public health, as shown by the increasing number of scientific studies and debate within the scientific community. Several drugs used in human health, in light of their intensive use and deficient treatment, are continuously discharged to the environment, ultimately ending in aquatic compartments, either in their native form or as metabolites. A relevant number of drugs used in human health, veterinarian medicine or aquaculture display physical and chemical characteristics that confer them high environmental persistence, which frequently results in toxicity phenomena in non-target organisms across several trophic levels. Their accumulation in aquatic environments has been increasingly associated with pathological alterations in fish, the most representative class of vertebrates in the aquatic environment. Thus, the toxicological impact of these molecules in aquatic and human health are of pivotal importance, with the characterization and quantification of these risks being essential. In this work the organisms under study will be fish, as they are used as early markers of water quality, hence allowing the evaluation of the effects triggered by xenobiotics, in particular pharmaceuticals. Histopatholoy is a sensitive and useful tool for determining the health status of fish, being used for following the effects of acute or chronic exposition of fish to aquatic xenobiotics. In this work, a literature review focusing on the histopathological effects of some drugs on fish will be presented, with particular emphasis on the most relevant organs affected (e.g. liver, kidney and gonads), with special emphasis on gills.
Description
Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
Keywords
Meio ambiente Poluentes emergentes Organismos aquáticos Histopatologia Environment Emerging pollutants Aquatic organisms Histopathology