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Do “like” à insatisfação: redes sociais e imagem corporal feminina na era do TikTok
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| Projeto de graduação_2023108218 | 568.31 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Este projeto de graduação analisa a forma como o TikTok, enquanto rede social, influencia a perceção que as mulheres têm do seu próprio corpo, partindo de um enquadramento teórico que procura traçar, de forma coerente, a evolução histórica dos padrões de beleza. Este percurso inicia-se na Antiguidade grega, atravessa a influência das revistas femininas ao longo do século XX enquanto vetores de disseminação e produção de ideais estéticos, e culmina na transição da media impressa para o digital, nomeadamente através da passagem do Tumblr para plataformas como o Instagram e o TikTok. São explorados fenómenos como a thinspiration e a fitspiration, bem como comunidades mais recentes, como o SkinnyTok, que, apesar de assumirem uma aparência de promoção de saúde e bem-estar, perpetuam dinâmicas de comparação e pressão estética já identificadas décadas antes na media impressa.
A componente empírica do estudo assenta em duas metodologias complementares: por um lado, a análise de conteúdo de publicações recentes de duas influencers com discursos totalmente opostos, Brooke Moly, associada ao ideal de magreza, e Spencer Barbosa, associada à aceitação corporal; por outro lado, a aplicação de uma sondagem online a 60 mulheres, com o objetivo de recolher dados quantitativos sobre a perceção da influência das redes sociais na imagem corporal feminina, complementados por respostas de natureza mais reflexiva e pessoal.
Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o TikTok não constitui um espaço homogéneo, mas antes um local de tensão entre discursos que idealizam a magreza e discursos que promovem a aceitação corporal, os quais coexistem e competem pela atenção das utilizadoras através das mesmas ferramentas algorítmicas, nomeadamente os hashtags. Os dados da sondagem revelam ainda que a maioria das respondentes considera que as redes sociais exercem, atualmente, mais pressão sobre a aparência feminina do que as revistas exerciam no passado, embora as utilizadoras demonstrem também uma clara consciência crítica quanto às possíveis soluções para este problema, nomeadamente a promoção da diversidade corporal e a redução do uso excessivo de filtros.
This undergraduate project analyses the way in which TikTok, as a social media platform, influences women’s perceptions of their own bodies, drawing on a theoretical framework that seeks to trace, in a coherent manner, the historical evolution of beauty standards. This journey begins in Ancient Greece, traces the influence of women’s magazines throughout the 20th century as vehicles for the dissemination and production of aesthetic ideals, and culminates in the transition from print to digital media, notably through the shift from Tumblr to platforms such as Instagram and TikTok. Phenomena such as ‘thinspiration’ and ‘fitspiration’ are explored, as well as more recent communities such as SkinnyTok, which, despite appearing to promote health and wellbeing, perpetuate dynamics of comparison and aesthetic pressure already identified decades earlier in the print media. The empirical component of the study is based on two complementary methodologies: on the one hand, content analysis of recent posts by two influencers with entirely opposing discourses, Brooke Moly, associated with the ideal of thinness, and Spencer Barbosa, associated with body acceptance; on the other hand, an online survey of 60 women, aimed at collecting quantitative data on perceptions of the influence of social media on female body image, supplemented by more reflective and personal responses. The results show that TikTok is not a homogeneous space, but rather a space of tension between discourses that idealise thinness and those that promote body positivity, which coexist and compete for users’ attention through the same algorithmic tools, namely hashtags. The survey data also reveal that the majority of respondents believe that social media currently exerts more pressure on women’s appearance than magazines did in the past, although users also demonstrate a clear critical awareness regarding possible solutions to this problem, namely the promotion of body diversity and a reduction in the excessive use of filters.
This undergraduate project analyses the way in which TikTok, as a social media platform, influences women’s perceptions of their own bodies, drawing on a theoretical framework that seeks to trace, in a coherent manner, the historical evolution of beauty standards. This journey begins in Ancient Greece, traces the influence of women’s magazines throughout the 20th century as vehicles for the dissemination and production of aesthetic ideals, and culminates in the transition from print to digital media, notably through the shift from Tumblr to platforms such as Instagram and TikTok. Phenomena such as ‘thinspiration’ and ‘fitspiration’ are explored, as well as more recent communities such as SkinnyTok, which, despite appearing to promote health and wellbeing, perpetuate dynamics of comparison and aesthetic pressure already identified decades earlier in the print media. The empirical component of the study is based on two complementary methodologies: on the one hand, content analysis of recent posts by two influencers with entirely opposing discourses, Brooke Moly, associated with the ideal of thinness, and Spencer Barbosa, associated with body acceptance; on the other hand, an online survey of 60 women, aimed at collecting quantitative data on perceptions of the influence of social media on female body image, supplemented by more reflective and personal responses. The results show that TikTok is not a homogeneous space, but rather a space of tension between discourses that idealise thinness and those that promote body positivity, which coexist and compete for users’ attention through the same algorithmic tools, namely hashtags. The survey data also reveal that the majority of respondents believe that social media currently exerts more pressure on women’s appearance than magazines did in the past, although users also demonstrate a clear critical awareness regarding possible solutions to this problem, namely the promotion of body diversity and a reduction in the excessive use of filters.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Comunicação.
Palavras-chave
Imagem corporal Redes sociais TikTok Padrões de beleza Comparação social Body image Social media Beauty standards Social comparison