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A terceira força em um mundo bipolar: da neutralidade na Guerra Fria à adaptação no século XXI
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Abstract(s)
O presente Projeto de Graduação tem como foco de estudo o Movimento dos Países Não-Alinhados (MPNA) e o seu respetivo papel na estruturação do sistema internacional, desde Bandung, em 1955, até os dias atuais. A pesquisa parte da análise do contexto histórico do surgimento do Movimento durante a Guerra Fria, enquanto tentativa de construção de uma “terceira via” pautada pela neutralidade bem como pela coexistência pacífica, frente à lógica bipolar dominada pelos EUA e pela URSS.
O objetivo central é avaliar em que medida o MPNA constituiu-se como um ator internacional autónomo e eficaz, capaz de influenciar a ordem mundial, com foco no que diz respeito à autodeterminação dos povos, da justiça econômica e da equidade entre os Estados. Como objetivos específicos, o trabalho procura: (I) examinar o contributo do MPNA para os processos de descolonização em África e na Ásia; (II) analisar as estratégias diplomáticas utilizadas para apoiar movimentos de libertação nacional; (III) investigar o papel do Movimento na integração política, econômica e social dos novos Estados independentes; (IV) avaliar a sua atuação na promoção de uma nova ordem económica internacional e da cooperação Sul-Sul; e (V) compreender sua adaptação e relevância contemporânea frente às novas dinâmicas globais.
A metodologia adotada será qualitativa, baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e literatura especializada em História das Relações Internacionais, estudos pós-coloniais e política global. A investigação incluirá também uma abordagem histórica para traçar a trajetória do Movimento, identificando os momentos de ascensão e declínio de sua influência ao longo de sete décadas.
Ao final, espera-se oferecer uma leitura abrangente e crítica sobre o impacto do MPNA na configuração do sistema internacional e refletir sobre o seu potencial como ator relevante nas Relações Internacionais do século XXI, especialmente no que respeita ao multilateralismo e à luta por maior equidade global.
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and its role within the structure of the international system, from Bandung, in 1955, to the present day. The research begins by analysing the historical context in which the Movement emerged during the Cold War, as an attempt to establish a “third way” grounded in principles of neutrality and peaceful coexistence, in contrast to the bipolar logic dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union. The central objective is to assess the extent to which NAM established itself as an autonomous and effective international actor, capable of influencing the global order—particularly in promoting self-determination, economic justice, and equity among states. The specific objectives of the study include: (I) examining NAM’s contribution to decolonization processes in Africa and Asia; (II) analysing the diplomatic strategies used to support national liberation movements; (III) investigating the Movement’s role in the political, economic, and social integration of newly independent states; (IV) evaluating its actions in promoting a new international economic order and fostering South-South cooperation; and (V) understanding its contemporary adaptation and relevance in response to new global dynamics. The methodology will be qualitative, based on bibliographic and documentary research, as well as scholarly literature in the fields of International Relations History, postcolonial studies, and global politics. The investigation will also include a historical approach to trace the Movement’s trajectory, identifying the moments of peak influence and periods of decline throughout more than seven decades. Ultimately, the project aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of NAM’s impact on the shaping of the international system and to reflect on its potential as a relevant actor in 21st-century International Relations—particularly regarding multilateralism and the pursuit of greater global equity.
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and its role within the structure of the international system, from Bandung, in 1955, to the present day. The research begins by analysing the historical context in which the Movement emerged during the Cold War, as an attempt to establish a “third way” grounded in principles of neutrality and peaceful coexistence, in contrast to the bipolar logic dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union. The central objective is to assess the extent to which NAM established itself as an autonomous and effective international actor, capable of influencing the global order—particularly in promoting self-determination, economic justice, and equity among states. The specific objectives of the study include: (I) examining NAM’s contribution to decolonization processes in Africa and Asia; (II) analysing the diplomatic strategies used to support national liberation movements; (III) investigating the Movement’s role in the political, economic, and social integration of newly independent states; (IV) evaluating its actions in promoting a new international economic order and fostering South-South cooperation; and (V) understanding its contemporary adaptation and relevance in response to new global dynamics. The methodology will be qualitative, based on bibliographic and documentary research, as well as scholarly literature in the fields of International Relations History, postcolonial studies, and global politics. The investigation will also include a historical approach to trace the Movement’s trajectory, identifying the moments of peak influence and periods of decline throughout more than seven decades. Ultimately, the project aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of NAM’s impact on the shaping of the international system and to reflect on its potential as a relevant actor in 21st-century International Relations—particularly regarding multilateralism and the pursuit of greater global equity.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais.
Keywords
Movimento dos países não alinhados Guerra Fria Neutralidade Descolonização Sul global Non-aligned movement Cold War Neutrality Decolonisation Global south
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