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Adaptação neural induzida pela reabilitação oral com implantes dentários: revisão integrativa
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_33518 | 1.18 MB | Adobe PDF |
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A reabilitação oral, especialmente com o uso de implantes dentários, representa uma solução eficaz e duradoura para pacientes com perda dentária, uma condição que afeta diretamente a mastigação, a fala e a autoestima. Embora os implantes ofereçam benefícios funcionais e estéticos superiores às próteses removíveis, o processo de adaptação a essa nova realidade envolve não apenas aspetos físicos da cavidade bucal, mas também processos neurológicos complexos. A neuroplasticidade, ou capacidade do cérebro de reorganizar suas conexões neuronais em resposta a mudanças ambientais, é um mecanismo fundamental durante a adaptação de pacientes edêntulos reabilitados com implantes. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os processos de neuroplasticidade associados à reabilitação oral com implantes dentários, com foco nas mudanças na perceção sensorial oral (principalmente na propriocepção e sensação tátil) e nas alterações nas redes neurais responsáveis pelo controlo motor da mastigação. A revisão foi conduzida através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e ScienceDirect, abrangendo artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2025. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados 14 estudos os quais demonstraram que a neuroplasticidade desempenha um papel crucial na adaptação de pacientes com perda dentária aos implantes dentários, tanto em termos de controlo motor da mastigação quanto na perceção sensorial oral. Os achados da literatura suportam consistentemente a hipótese de que a reabilitação oral induz uma reorganização funcional nas redes neurais sensório-motoras, o que se traduz em melhorias objetivas na função mastigatória e na perceção sensorial oral. Este estudo evidencia a importância de integrar a compreensão dos processos neurológicos na reabilitação oral com implantes, proporcionando melhores resultados para os pacientes, com base não só em aspetos físicos, mas também neurológicos da adaptação. Contudo, existem poucos estudos longitudinais em humanos com recurso a neuroimagem funcional, bem como a falta de padronização na avaliação da propriocepção peri-implantar.
Oral rehabilitation, especially with the use of dental implants, represents an effective and long-lasting solution for patients with tooth loss, a condition that directly affects chewing, speech and self-esteem. Although implants offer superior functional and aesthetic benefits to removable prostheses, the process of adapting to this new reality involves not only physical aspects of the oral cavity, but also complex neurological processes. Neuroplasticity, or the brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections in response to environmental changes, is a fundamental mechanism during the adaptation of patients with tooth loss who receive implants. This study aims to investigate the processes of neuroplasticity in patients with tooth loss undergoing oral rehabilitation with dental implants, focusing on changes in oral sensory perception (mainly proprioception and tactile sensation) and changes in the neural networks responsible for the motor control of chewing. The review was conducted through a bibliographic search in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on articles published between 2008 and 2025. After applying the eligibility criteria, 14 studies were selected, which demonstrated that neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in the adaptation of patients with tooth loss to dental implants, both in terms of motor control of mastication and oral sensory perception. The reviewed literature suggests that, as patients adapt to the new pattern of stimuli, changes occur in the neural networks responsible for mastication and tactile sensation, resulting in improved functionality and quality of life. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating the understanding of neurological processes in oral rehabilitation with implants, providing better results for patients, based not only on physical but also neurological aspects of adaptation. However, there are few longitudinal studies with functional neuroimaging in humans and there is a lack of standardization in the assessment of peri-implant proprioception.
Oral rehabilitation, especially with the use of dental implants, represents an effective and long-lasting solution for patients with tooth loss, a condition that directly affects chewing, speech and self-esteem. Although implants offer superior functional and aesthetic benefits to removable prostheses, the process of adapting to this new reality involves not only physical aspects of the oral cavity, but also complex neurological processes. Neuroplasticity, or the brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections in response to environmental changes, is a fundamental mechanism during the adaptation of patients with tooth loss who receive implants. This study aims to investigate the processes of neuroplasticity in patients with tooth loss undergoing oral rehabilitation with dental implants, focusing on changes in oral sensory perception (mainly proprioception and tactile sensation) and changes in the neural networks responsible for the motor control of chewing. The review was conducted through a bibliographic search in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on articles published between 2008 and 2025. After applying the eligibility criteria, 14 studies were selected, which demonstrated that neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in the adaptation of patients with tooth loss to dental implants, both in terms of motor control of mastication and oral sensory perception. The reviewed literature suggests that, as patients adapt to the new pattern of stimuli, changes occur in the neural networks responsible for mastication and tactile sensation, resulting in improved functionality and quality of life. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating the understanding of neurological processes in oral rehabilitation with implants, providing better results for patients, based not only on physical but also neurological aspects of adaptation. However, there are few longitudinal studies with functional neuroimaging in humans and there is a lack of standardization in the assessment of peri-implant proprioception.
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Implantes dentários Sobredentadura Prótese dentária removível Neuroplasticidade Função cerebral Atividade cerebral Dental implants Overdenture Removable dental prosthesis Neuroplasticity Brain function Brain activity