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Publication
Evolução do microbioma oral pediátrico: impacto na saúde e na doença
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Abstract(s)
Objetivos: Analisar as relações entre as bactérias encontradas na cavidade oral, na saúde e na doença, com foco no desenvolvimento inicial do microbioma oral humano. O "microbioma" refere-se à complexa mistura de microrganismos (bactérias, vírus, fungos, protozoários) e seus genes, além dos metabólitos produzidos por eles. Ao longo do tempo, o conceito de microbioma passou a incluir a informação genética e os genomas desses microrganismos, sendo reconhecido como crucial para processos biológicos fundamentais. O avanço da microbiologia e das tecnologias de sequenciamento tem permitido focar nas comunidades microbianas e sua influência sobre doenças. Esta análise inclui um exame detalhado do papel do microbioma oral desde os primeiros anos de vida, levando em consideração sua significativa contribuição para a regulação de funções fisiológicas, metabólicas, imunológicas e neurológicas, essenciais para a manutenção da saúde sistémica e do equilíbrio biológico.
Métodos: Pesquisa em três bases de dados de artigos fundamentados na evidência científica relevante sobre a temática referida, com o recurso a critérios de inclusão e critérios de exclusão e também palavras-chave.
Resultados: O microbioma é composto por uma complexa mistura de microrganismos e genes, crucial para a saúde devido ao seu papel em diversos processos biológicos. A microbiota oral inicia-se desde o nascimento, com diferentes fatores como parto, amamentação, dieta e erupção dentária moldando sua composição. Disbiose, ou desequilíbrio microbiano, pode contribuir para doenças locais e sistémicas. O microbioma oral está ligado a doenças sistémicas como diabetes, cancro e Alzheimer. Estudos mostram que a composição da microbiota oral é influenciada por fatores como tipo de alimentação na infância, com diferenças taxonômicas entre lactentes alimentados com sólidos, leite materno e fórmula.
Conclusões: O microbioma oral desempenha um papel essencial na saúde geral, sendo fundamental para a regulação de funções biológicas. O desequilíbrio no microbioma pode estar associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças sistémicas. A compreensão do microbioma oral e o desenvolvimento de métodos para modular esses ecossistemas podem abrir novas possibilidades para a prevenção e o tratamento de doenças. Os achados no estudo sugerem que exposições ambientais precoces parecem ser mais influentes que o modo de parto na formação da microbiota oral nos primeiros anos de vida.
Aim: Analyse the relationships between bacteria found in the oral cavity, in health and disease, with a focus on the early development of the human oral microbiome. The ‘microbiome’ refers to the complex mixture of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) and their genes, as well as the metabolites they produce. Over time, the concept of the microbiome has come to include the genetic information and genomes of these microorganisms, and is recognised as crucial to fundamental biological processes. Advances in microbiology and sequencing technologies have made it possible to focus on microbial communities and their influence on diseases. This analysis includes a detailed examination of the role of the oral microbiome from the earliest years of life, taking into account its significant contribution to the regulation of physiological, metabolic, immunological and neurological functions, which are essential for maintaining systemic health and biological balance. Methods: Articles based on relevant scientific evidence on the aforementioned subject were searched in three databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as keywords. Results: The microbiome is made up of a complex mix of microorganisms and genes, crucial to health due to its role in various biological processes. The oral microbiota starts from birth, with different factors such as labour, breastfeeding, diet and tooth eruption shaping its composition. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, can contribute to local and systemic diseases. The oral microbiome is linked to systemic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer's. Studies show that the composition of the oral microbiota is influenced by factors such as type of feeding in infancy, with taxonomic differences between infants fed solids, breast milk and formula. Conclusions: The oral microbiome plays an essential role in general health and is fundamental to the regulation of biological functions. An imbalance in the microbiome may be associated with the development of systemic diseases. Understanding the oral microbiome and developing methods to modulate these ecosystems could open up new possibilities for disease prevention and treatment. The findings of the study suggest that early environmental exposures appear to be more influential than the mode of delivery in shaping the oral microbiota in the first years of life.
Aim: Analyse the relationships between bacteria found in the oral cavity, in health and disease, with a focus on the early development of the human oral microbiome. The ‘microbiome’ refers to the complex mixture of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) and their genes, as well as the metabolites they produce. Over time, the concept of the microbiome has come to include the genetic information and genomes of these microorganisms, and is recognised as crucial to fundamental biological processes. Advances in microbiology and sequencing technologies have made it possible to focus on microbial communities and their influence on diseases. This analysis includes a detailed examination of the role of the oral microbiome from the earliest years of life, taking into account its significant contribution to the regulation of physiological, metabolic, immunological and neurological functions, which are essential for maintaining systemic health and biological balance. Methods: Articles based on relevant scientific evidence on the aforementioned subject were searched in three databases, using inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as keywords. Results: The microbiome is made up of a complex mix of microorganisms and genes, crucial to health due to its role in various biological processes. The oral microbiota starts from birth, with different factors such as labour, breastfeeding, diet and tooth eruption shaping its composition. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, can contribute to local and systemic diseases. The oral microbiome is linked to systemic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer's. Studies show that the composition of the oral microbiota is influenced by factors such as type of feeding in infancy, with taxonomic differences between infants fed solids, breast milk and formula. Conclusions: The oral microbiome plays an essential role in general health and is fundamental to the regulation of biological functions. An imbalance in the microbiome may be associated with the development of systemic diseases. Understanding the oral microbiome and developing methods to modulate these ecosystems could open up new possibilities for disease prevention and treatment. The findings of the study suggest that early environmental exposures appear to be more influential than the mode of delivery in shaping the oral microbiota in the first years of life.
Description
Keywords
Microbioma Microbiota Oral Criança Microbiome Children