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Introdução: a associação entre os sistemas estomatológico/mastigatório e postural, em atletas, tem vindo a ser investigada por diferentes autores.
Objetivo: a presente revisão integrativa teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do uso de goteiras oclusais na alteração postural em atletas, considerando as variáveis, equilíbrio, postura, mobilidade, flexibilidade, estabilidade, (transferência de peso, centro de massa,) mobilidade e força, desde que interligadas com a postura.
Metodologia: a pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science, e Google Scholar, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “Dental Occlusion”; “Bite”; “Splint”; “Mouthguard”; "Occlusal Splint"; “Occlusal Bite”; “MORA”; “Sport”; “Performance”; “Athlets”; “posture”; "Balanced position"; “Balance”; “Equilibrium”; “Stability”. Foram encontrados 333 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 13 estudos, após aplicação dos critérios de eligibilidade. Como critério de inclusão, os estudos teriam que integrar atletas de diferentes modalidades, com idade ≥ 18 anos, ambos os sexos, utilizarem goteiras oclusais. Também, teriam que abordar outcomes relacionados com a postura (estabilidade; equilíbrio, transferência de peso; centro de massa), o tipo de estudo ser observacional analítico (estudos transversais, caso controlo e de coorte) ou experimental (estudos clínicos ou estudos randomizados controlados) e artigos no ideoma Francês, Português e Inglês.
Resultados: apesar de não ser sempre significativa, os estudos que mostraram uma maior melhoria foi uso de goteiras personalizadas, nomeadamente no equilibrio e na postura, em comparação com as restantes goteiras, nas quais se demonstrou pouco ou nenhum efeito benéfico. Os resultados podem ter sido influenciados pelo tipo de goteira, pela modalidade desportiva e pelos tipos de testes aplicados.
Conclusão: as goteiras oclusais, sobretudo personalizadas, aparentam ter um efeito na postura, portanto podem ser dispositivos de ajuda para um melhor desempenho. Contudo, existem limitações como amostras pequenas, sem acompanhamento e análise a longo prazo, e a heterogeneidade da amostra e dos métodos, que podem ser alvo de suggestão para os futuros estudos.
Introduction: the association between the stomatological/masticatory and postural systems in athletes has been investigated by different authors. Objective: This integrative review aimed to analyze the effect of the use of occlusal splints on postural changes in athletes, considering the variables balance, posture, mobility, flexibility, stability (weight transfer, center of mass), mobility and strength, as long as they are interconnected with posture. Methodology: the search was carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: “Dental Occlusion”; “Bite”; “Splint”; “Mouthguard”; "Occlusal Splint"; “Occlusal Bite”; “LIVES”; “Sport”; “Performance”; “Athletes”; “posture”; "Balanced position"; “Balance”; “Equilibrium”; “Stability”. 333 articles were found, of which 13 studies were selected, after applying the eligibility criteria. As an inclusion criterion, the studies would have to include athletes from different sports, aged ≥ 18 years, both sexes, using occlusal splints. They would also have to address outcomes related to posture (stability; balance, weight transfer; center of mass), the type of study would have to be observational, analytical (cross-sectional, case control and cohort studies) or experimental (clinical studies or randomized controlled studies) and articles would have to be in French, Portuguese and English. Results: although not always significant, the studies that showed the greatest improvement were the use of customized splints, particularly in balance and posture, compared to other splints, which demonstrated little or no beneficial effect. The results may have been influenced by the type of leak, the sport and the types of tests applied. Conclusion: occlusal splints, especially customized ones, appear to have an effect on posture, and therefore can be helpful devices for better performance. However, there are limitations such as small samples, without long-term monitoring and analysis, and the heterogeneity of the sample and methods, which may be suggested for future studies.
Introduction: the association between the stomatological/masticatory and postural systems in athletes has been investigated by different authors. Objective: This integrative review aimed to analyze the effect of the use of occlusal splints on postural changes in athletes, considering the variables balance, posture, mobility, flexibility, stability (weight transfer, center of mass), mobility and strength, as long as they are interconnected with posture. Methodology: the search was carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, using the following keywords: “Dental Occlusion”; “Bite”; “Splint”; “Mouthguard”; "Occlusal Splint"; “Occlusal Bite”; “LIVES”; “Sport”; “Performance”; “Athletes”; “posture”; "Balanced position"; “Balance”; “Equilibrium”; “Stability”. 333 articles were found, of which 13 studies were selected, after applying the eligibility criteria. As an inclusion criterion, the studies would have to include athletes from different sports, aged ≥ 18 years, both sexes, using occlusal splints. They would also have to address outcomes related to posture (stability; balance, weight transfer; center of mass), the type of study would have to be observational, analytical (cross-sectional, case control and cohort studies) or experimental (clinical studies or randomized controlled studies) and articles would have to be in French, Portuguese and English. Results: although not always significant, the studies that showed the greatest improvement were the use of customized splints, particularly in balance and posture, compared to other splints, which demonstrated little or no beneficial effect. The results may have been influenced by the type of leak, the sport and the types of tests applied. Conclusion: occlusal splints, especially customized ones, appear to have an effect on posture, and therefore can be helpful devices for better performance. However, there are limitations such as small samples, without long-term monitoring and analysis, and the heterogeneity of the sample and methods, which may be suggested for future studies.
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Palavras-chave
Oclusão dentária Protetor bucal Goteira oclusal Atleta Postura Equilíbrio Dental occlusion Mouth guard Occlusal splint Athlete Posture Balance