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Publication
PD-1 e PD-L1 e seus inibidores no tratamento oncológico
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_27762 | 1.17 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A imunoterapia contra o cancro é uma das estratégias mais recentes utilizadas para
combater o cancro, que ativa ou estimula o sistema imunológico para produzir efeitos
antitumorias.
Diversos cancros são altamente refratários à quimioterapia convencional, o que
em vários casos a sobrevivência de tumores é conseguida por imunomodelação de
checkpoint para manter o desequilíbrio entre a vigilância imune e a proliferação das
células cancerígenas.
A imunoterapia por checkpoints inhibitors está a mudar, ao longo dos tempos, a
terapêutica do cancro. Há cada vez mais indicações terapêuticas para o seu uso. Estudos
clínicos mostram cada vez mais eficácia numa grande variedade de tumores sólidos e
hematológicos, embora alguns ensaios clínicos também mostram resultados negativos.
Os anticorpos de checkpoints inhibitors, como anti-PD-1 e anti-PD-L1, são uma
nova classe de inibidores que funcionam como um fator de supressão de tumores através
da modulação da interação com as células tumorais imunes. Estes bloqueadores de
checkpoint estão a tornar-se numa abordagem terapêutica altamente promissora para o
cancro que produz grande variedade de respostas antitumorais com efeitos colaterais
reduzidos.
Apesar deste enorme sucesso na eficácia da resposta à terapêutica anti-PD-1 e
anti-PD-L1, é limitado a tipos específicos de tumores, devido à expressão insuficiente e
heterogénea de PD-1 no microambiente tumoral.
Cada vez mais existem diferentes anticorpos inibidores do PD-1e PD-L1.
Existem novos conceitos para o tratamento combinado com immune checkpoint
inhibitors e terapêuticas convencionais, e por isso estes regimes de combinação devem
ser desenvolvidos e explorados uma vez que nem todos os pacientes respondem da mesma
forma à imunoterapia. Também existe a necessidade de melhorar os biomarcadores para
identificar os pacientes que beneficiarão mais do tratamento por immune checkpoint
inhibitors ou terapêuticas combinadas.
Immunotherapy against cancer is one of the most recent strategies used to combat cancer, which activates or stimulates the immune system to produce antitumor effects. Several cancers are highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy, which in many cases tumor survival is achieved by immunomodeling a checkpoint to maintain the imbalance between immune surveillance and cancer cell proliferation. Immunotherapy by checkpoints inhibitors is changing, over time, cancer therapy. There are more and more therapeutic indications for its use. Clinical studies are increasingly effective on a wide range of solid and hematological tumors, although some clinical trials also show negative results. Checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, are a new class of inhibitors that works as a tumor suppressor factor by modulating the interaction with immune tumor cells. These checkpoint blockers are becoming a highly promising therapeutic approach to cancer that produces a wide variety of antitumor responses with reduced side effects. Despite this enormous success in the efficacy of the response to anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapy, it is limited to specific types of tumors, due to the insufficient and heterogeneous expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment. Increasingly there are different inhibitors of PD-1 and PD-L1. There are new concepts for combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional therapies, and therefore these combination regimens should be developed and explored since not all patients respond in the same way to immunotherapy. There is also a need to improve biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit most from treatment by immune checkpoint inhibitors or combination therapies.
Immunotherapy against cancer is one of the most recent strategies used to combat cancer, which activates or stimulates the immune system to produce antitumor effects. Several cancers are highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy, which in many cases tumor survival is achieved by immunomodeling a checkpoint to maintain the imbalance between immune surveillance and cancer cell proliferation. Immunotherapy by checkpoints inhibitors is changing, over time, cancer therapy. There are more and more therapeutic indications for its use. Clinical studies are increasingly effective on a wide range of solid and hematological tumors, although some clinical trials also show negative results. Checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, are a new class of inhibitors that works as a tumor suppressor factor by modulating the interaction with immune tumor cells. These checkpoint blockers are becoming a highly promising therapeutic approach to cancer that produces a wide variety of antitumor responses with reduced side effects. Despite this enormous success in the efficacy of the response to anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapy, it is limited to specific types of tumors, due to the insufficient and heterogeneous expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment. Increasingly there are different inhibitors of PD-1 and PD-L1. There are new concepts for combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional therapies, and therefore these combination regimens should be developed and explored since not all patients respond in the same way to immunotherapy. There is also a need to improve biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit most from treatment by immune checkpoint inhibitors or combination therapies.
Description
Keywords
Sistema imunológico Imunoterapia do cancro PD-1 PD-L1 Combinação terapêutica Immune system Cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Combination therapy