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Publicação
Distúrbios das glândulas suprarrenais
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_23511 | 3.47 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Resumo(s)
Este trabalho apresenta essencialmente dois objetivos. O primeiro refere-se ao
funcionamento, anatomia, histologia e metabolismo das glândulas suprarrenais e o
segundo trata dos principais distúrbios destas glândulas com a respetiva caraterização,
diagnóstico e tratamento.
As glândulas suprarrenais fazem parte do sistema endócrino do organismo humano. São
divididas anatomicamente em duas partes, o córtex e a medula. O córtex suprarrenal
segrega os mineralocorticóides, os glucocorticóides e os androgénios, enquanto a
medula suprarrenal é responsável pela secreção de adrenalina (epinefrina) e
noradrenalina (norepinefrina). Quando uma das partes se encontra comprometida, a
secreção hormonal fica condicionada, resultando num distúrbio.
Os distúrbios possuem caraterísticas próprias tendo que ser cada um analisado
individualmente, a fim de se proceder a um diagnóstico assertivo e posteriormente a um
tratamento adequado.
A nível farmacológico conhecem-se já vários grupos de fármacos, adaptados a cada
distúrbio, no entanto estão ainda a ser desenvolvidas e investigadas novas opções
farmacológicas a fim de se aumentar a eficácia e a segurança.
Os métodos de diagnóstico estão também em evolução, uma vez que, na maioria das
vezes, estes distúrbios são difíceis de diagnosticar levando a erros de diagnóstico ou a
uma diagnóstico tardio.
This paper presents essentially two goals. The first refers to the operation, anatomy, histology and metabolism of adrenals and the second deals with the major disorders of these glands with the respective characterization, diagnosis and treatment. The adrenals are part of the endocrine system of human body. Anatomically they are divided in two parts, the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens, while the adrenal medulla is responsible for the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). When one of the parts is compromised, hormone secretion is conditioned, resulting in disorder. The disturbances have their own characteristics and they have to be each individually analyzed in order to carry out an assertive diagnosis and subsequently an appropriate treatment. The pharmacological level are known already several groups of drugs, tailored to each disorder, however are still being developed and investigated new pharmacological options in order to increase the efficacy and safety. Diagnostic methods are also in development, since, in most cases, these disorders are difficult to diagnose leading to misdiagnosis or a late diagnosis.
This paper presents essentially two goals. The first refers to the operation, anatomy, histology and metabolism of adrenals and the second deals with the major disorders of these glands with the respective characterization, diagnosis and treatment. The adrenals are part of the endocrine system of human body. Anatomically they are divided in two parts, the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens, while the adrenal medulla is responsible for the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). When one of the parts is compromised, hormone secretion is conditioned, resulting in disorder. The disturbances have their own characteristics and they have to be each individually analyzed in order to carry out an assertive diagnosis and subsequently an appropriate treatment. The pharmacological level are known already several groups of drugs, tailored to each disorder, however are still being developed and investigated new pharmacological options in order to increase the efficacy and safety. Diagnostic methods are also in development, since, in most cases, these disorders are difficult to diagnose leading to misdiagnosis or a late diagnosis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistema endócrino Glândulas suprarrenais Distúrbios das suprarrenais Síndrome de Cushing Síndrome de Conn Síndrome de Bartter Doença de Addison Hiperplasia adrenal congénita Síndrome de Nelson Síndrome de ACTH ectópico Endocrine system Adrenals Adrenal disorders Cushing's syndrome Conn syndrome Bartter syndrome Addison's disease Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Nelson syndrome Ectopic ACTH syndrome