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Covid-19: intervenção nutricional para um melhor resultado clínico
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Toda a população é suscetível a Covid-19. Contudo, existem fatores de risco que são encarados como preditores clínicos relativamente à hospitalização, gravidade e mortalidade da doença. Atendendo ao facto que o estado nutricional debilitado dos pacientes se repercute no prognóstico da Covid-19, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de apresentar uma visão sobre o papel da nutrição no tratamento de pacientes com Covid-19, ao nível da identificação do risco nutricional, avaliação do estado nutricional, diagnóstico nutricional, tratamento nutricional, monitorização e evolução do estado nutricional.
A presente revisão bibliográfica teve como suporte uma pesquisa na base de dados científicos PubMed.
Os sintomas e comorbilidades reportadas pelos pacientes infetados por SARSCoV-2 podem ser fatores determinantes no prognóstico da Covid-19. Estes pacientes devem ser sujeitos a uma avaliação do estado nutricional, de forma a identificar complicações associadas à infeção por SARS-CoV-2, como necessidades energéticas aumentadas, malnutrição, perda de peso involuntária, alterações gastrointestinais e desidratação. O reconhecimento destas complicações vai permitir estabelecer a melhor terapêutica nutricional a aplicar.
O quadro inflamatório e os sintomas característicos desta doença conduzem a um aumento do catabolismo e, consequentemente, a um aumento das necessidades nutricionais. Este quadro clínico é exacerbado pela hospitalização, pelo que os pacientes em recuperação da Covid-19 devem beneficiar de acompanhamento, de forma a garantir uma reabilitação adequada.
A elaboração deste trabalho permitiu reunir informação que comprova a importância da intervenção nutricional no paciente com Covid-19. Apesar de existirem linhas orientadoras, cada caso deve ser interpretado de forma individualizada, não se focando apenas na terapêutica nutricional.
The whole population is prone to Covid-19. However, there are risk factors that are seen as clinical predictors regarding the hospitalization, severity and mortality of the disease. Giving the fact that an impaired nutritional status affects Covid-19 prognosis, the present study aims to provide a review of the nutritional intervention in the treatment of Covid-19 patients in terms of detection of nutritional risk screening and nutrition status assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition treatment, nutrition monitoring and evolution. This review article was elaborated through a research on the scientific database PubMed. Symptoms and comorbidities reported by the patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 might be determinant factors in the Covid-19 prognosis. These patients should be submitted to a nutritional assessment, in order to identify complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as increased energy needs, malnutrition, intentional weight loss, gastrointestinal disturbances and dehydration. The recognition of this problematic allows the professionals to stablish the better nutritional therapy to apply. The typical inflammatory profile and symptoms of this disease lead to an increase f the catabolism and, consequently, to an increment of the nutritional needs. This condition is exacerbated by the need of hospitalization, wherefore the patients recovering from Covid-19 should benefit from a monitoring, in order to ensure an adequate rehabilitation. The development of this study enable to collect information that demonstrate the significance of the nutritional intervention in the Covid-19 patient. Notwithstanding the existing guidelines, every case should be evaluated in an individualized manner, not focus only in the nutritional therapy.
The whole population is prone to Covid-19. However, there are risk factors that are seen as clinical predictors regarding the hospitalization, severity and mortality of the disease. Giving the fact that an impaired nutritional status affects Covid-19 prognosis, the present study aims to provide a review of the nutritional intervention in the treatment of Covid-19 patients in terms of detection of nutritional risk screening and nutrition status assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition treatment, nutrition monitoring and evolution. This review article was elaborated through a research on the scientific database PubMed. Symptoms and comorbidities reported by the patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 might be determinant factors in the Covid-19 prognosis. These patients should be submitted to a nutritional assessment, in order to identify complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as increased energy needs, malnutrition, intentional weight loss, gastrointestinal disturbances and dehydration. The recognition of this problematic allows the professionals to stablish the better nutritional therapy to apply. The typical inflammatory profile and symptoms of this disease lead to an increase f the catabolism and, consequently, to an increment of the nutritional needs. This condition is exacerbated by the need of hospitalization, wherefore the patients recovering from Covid-19 should benefit from a monitoring, in order to ensure an adequate rehabilitation. The development of this study enable to collect information that demonstrate the significance of the nutritional intervention in the Covid-19 patient. Notwithstanding the existing guidelines, every case should be evaluated in an individualized manner, not focus only in the nutritional therapy.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Covid-19 SARS-Cov-2 Tratamento Nutrição Alimentação Suporte nutricional Recomendações nutricionais Intervenção nutricional Processo do cuidado nutricional Treatment Nutrition Feeding Nutritional support Nutritional recommendations Nutritional intervention Nutritional care process