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O bruxismo é uma atividade parafuncional frequente, frequentemente associada a disfunções temporomandibulares, dor orofacial e impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. As placas oclusais constituem uma das principais opções terapêuticas utilizadas no seu manejo, embora persistam divergências na literatura relativamente à eficácia comparativa entre os diferentes tipos de dispositivos disponíveis.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo integrar e analisar criticamente a evidência científica existente sobre a utilização de placas oclusais no tratamento do bruxismo, adotando uma abordagem de revisão narrativa. Para o efeito, foi realizada uma análise interpretativa da literatura relevante, privilegiando estudos clínicos que abordassem os efeitos das placas oclusais em parâmetros como dor, atividade muscular, frequência dos episódios de bruxismo, qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida.
De forma geral, os estudos analisados sugerem que as placas oclusais rígidas, estabilizadoras e individualizadas estão associadas a benefícios clínicos consistentes, nomeadamente na redução da atividade muscular e da dor orofacial. Outros dispositivos, como placas mistas, aparelhos com biofeedback e soluções fabricadas por tecnologias digitais, também demonstraram efeitos positivos em determinados contextos clínicos, embora com resultados variáveis entre indivíduos.
Os avanços tecnológicos, nomeadamente a utilização de sistemas CAD/CAM e impressão 3D, surgem como alternativas promissoras devido à maior precisão e adaptação dos dispositivos, apesar de limitações ainda existentes ao nível da durabilidade dos materiais. Em síntese, as placas oclusais constituem uma abordagem terapêutica eficaz e segura no manejo do bruxismo, devendo a sua escolha ser individualizada e integrada numa estratégia multidisciplinar.
Bruxism is a common parafunctional activity frequently associated with temporomandibular disorders, orofacial pain, and impaired quality of life. Occlusal splints represent one of the most widely used therapeutic approaches in its management, although discrepancies remain regarding the comparative effectiveness of the different types of devices available. The aim of this narrative review was to integrate and critically analyse the existing scientific evidence on the use of occlusal splints in the management of bruxism. An interpretative analysis of the relevant literature was conducted, focusing on clinical studies addressing outcomes such as pain, muscle activity, frequency of bruxism episodes, sleep quality, and quality of life. Overall, the analysed studies suggest that rigid, stabilizing, and individualized occlusal splints are associated with consistent clinical benefits, particularly in reducing muscle activity and orofacial pain. Other devices, including mixed splints, biofeedback appliances, and digitally manufactured splints, also demonstrated positive effects in specific clinical contexts, although with interindividual variability. Recent technological advances, particularly CAD/CAM systems and 3D printing, have emerged as promising alternatives due to improved precision and adaptation, despite current limitations related to material durability. In conclusion, occlusal splints constitute a safe and effective therapeutic option for the management of bruxism, and their selection should be individualized and integrated into a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
Bruxism is a common parafunctional activity frequently associated with temporomandibular disorders, orofacial pain, and impaired quality of life. Occlusal splints represent one of the most widely used therapeutic approaches in its management, although discrepancies remain regarding the comparative effectiveness of the different types of devices available. The aim of this narrative review was to integrate and critically analyse the existing scientific evidence on the use of occlusal splints in the management of bruxism. An interpretative analysis of the relevant literature was conducted, focusing on clinical studies addressing outcomes such as pain, muscle activity, frequency of bruxism episodes, sleep quality, and quality of life. Overall, the analysed studies suggest that rigid, stabilizing, and individualized occlusal splints are associated with consistent clinical benefits, particularly in reducing muscle activity and orofacial pain. Other devices, including mixed splints, biofeedback appliances, and digitally manufactured splints, also demonstrated positive effects in specific clinical contexts, although with interindividual variability. Recent technological advances, particularly CAD/CAM systems and 3D printing, have emerged as promising alternatives due to improved precision and adaptation, despite current limitations related to material durability. In conclusion, occlusal splints constitute a safe and effective therapeutic option for the management of bruxism, and their selection should be individualized and integrated into a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
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Bruxismo Bruxismo do sono Placas oclusais Aparelhos dentários Placas rígidas Placas macias Bruxism Sleep bruxism Occlusal splints Dental appliances Rigid splints Soft splints