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A parentalidade em mães adolescentes
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A parentalidade na adolescência é uma realidade considerada de risco na interacção mãe-bebé, interferindo adversamente nas respectivas trajectórias do seu desenvolvimento. No entanto, algumas mães são capazes de se adaptar à circunstância de a maternidade ocorrer durante a adolescência, não apresentando efeitos adversos no que respeita à sua escolaridade, percurso profissional, ajustamento psico-emocional, nível sócio-económico e ligação ao bebé.
Quando se estuda a parentalidade em mães adolescentes, a interacção mãe-bebé é meta a atingir para detectar factores protectores, que possibilitam vias de adaptação ao papel parental mais adequadas, assim como factores de risco que potenciam as reconhecidas circunstâncias de risco associadas à maternidade na adolescência.
Este estudo emerge do tema: "A Parentalidade em Mães Adolescentes", cuja pergunta de partida é: "Qual o processo de construção do papel parental nas mães adolescentes?" Assim, delinearam-se os seguintes objectivos:
- Perceber a adaptação das mães adolescentes ao papel parental;
- Conhecer alguns os factores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da parentalidade nas adolescentes;
- Identificar alguns factores protectores do comportamento materno na adolescência;
A metodologia utilizada tem um carácter descritivo simples, inserido numa abordagem quantitativa e transversal, a uma amostra de 15 Mães Adolescentes da área residencial (comunidade) de São João da Madeira, à qual foi aplicado como instrumento de recolha de dados um questionário de resposta fechada, nos dias 11 e 12 de Setembro de 2009.
Para o tratamento das respostas do questionário recorre-se ao Microsoft® Word e Microsoft® Excel, versão 2007. Salientam-se os seguintes resultados:
- A adaptação das Mães adolescentes à parentalidade é um percurso diversificado e heterogéneo. É um fenómeno complexo, que envolve múltiplos factores, e como tal, não podemos encarar esta problemática linearmente.
- Os factores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da parentalidade das Mães adolescentes são: a idade com que as Mães engravidaram; o abandono escolar; a actividade profissional; a baixa auto-estima; a depressão pós-parto; a discriminação / estigma da sociedade e a falta de apoio por parte da sociedade.
- A gravidez desejada, o apoio por parte do(s) avó(s), a experiência anterior em cuidar de crianças; a percepção das alterações comportamentais do filho (como inerentes ao desenvolvimento) e as expectativas (realistas e positivas) que nutrem face ao filho, mostraram-se constituir um factor protector à parentalidade na adolescência.
Teenage parenting is considered a risky reality in the interaction mother-baby, interfering adversely in the trajectory of their development. However, some mothers are capable of adapting themselves to the circumstance of motherhood during adolescence, not presenting adverse effects in what concerns school life, professional life, psycho-emotional adjustment, socio-economic level and bond to the baby. When parenting in adolescent mothers is studied, the interaction mother-baby is the goal to achieve to detect protecting factors, that make possible ways to adapt to the more adequate parent role, as well as risk factors that potentiate the recognized risk circumstances associated to maternity in adolescence. This study emerges from the theme "Parenting in Adolescent Mothers", which start question is: "What is the process of construction of the parental role in adolescent mothers?" Therefore, the following objectives where delineated: - Understand the adaptation of adolescent mothers to the parental role; - Knowing some risk factors associated to the development of parenting in adolescents; -Identify some protecting factors of maternal behaviour in adolescent; The methodology which was used has a simple descriptive character, inserted in a quantitative and transversal approach, to a sample of 15 Adolescent Mothers in the residential area (community) of S. JoAo da Madeira, to which was applied as an instrument of collecting data a closed answer questionnaire, on the 11th and 12th September, 2009. Microsoft® Word e Microsoft® Excel, version 2007 were used to treat the answers to this questionnaire. The following results are to be stressed: - The adaptation of the adolescent mothers to parenting is a diversified and heterogeneous road. It is a complex phenomenon, which involves multiple factors, and therefore, this problematic cannot be faced linearly. -the risk factors associated to the development of parenting in adolescent mothers are: the age mothers got pregnant; school abandon; professional activity; low self-esteem; postpartum depression; discrimination/ society stigma and lack of support by society. - desired pregnancy, the support by grandparents, previous experience in taking care of children; the perception of the changes of behavior of the child (as inherent to development) and the expectations (realistic and positive) they have in relation to their child, showed as a protecting factor to parenting in adolescence.
Teenage parenting is considered a risky reality in the interaction mother-baby, interfering adversely in the trajectory of their development. However, some mothers are capable of adapting themselves to the circumstance of motherhood during adolescence, not presenting adverse effects in what concerns school life, professional life, psycho-emotional adjustment, socio-economic level and bond to the baby. When parenting in adolescent mothers is studied, the interaction mother-baby is the goal to achieve to detect protecting factors, that make possible ways to adapt to the more adequate parent role, as well as risk factors that potentiate the recognized risk circumstances associated to maternity in adolescence. This study emerges from the theme "Parenting in Adolescent Mothers", which start question is: "What is the process of construction of the parental role in adolescent mothers?" Therefore, the following objectives where delineated: - Understand the adaptation of adolescent mothers to the parental role; - Knowing some risk factors associated to the development of parenting in adolescents; -Identify some protecting factors of maternal behaviour in adolescent; The methodology which was used has a simple descriptive character, inserted in a quantitative and transversal approach, to a sample of 15 Adolescent Mothers in the residential area (community) of S. JoAo da Madeira, to which was applied as an instrument of collecting data a closed answer questionnaire, on the 11th and 12th September, 2009. Microsoft® Word e Microsoft® Excel, version 2007 were used to treat the answers to this questionnaire. The following results are to be stressed: - The adaptation of the adolescent mothers to parenting is a diversified and heterogeneous road. It is a complex phenomenon, which involves multiple factors, and therefore, this problematic cannot be faced linearly. -the risk factors associated to the development of parenting in adolescent mothers are: the age mothers got pregnant; school abandon; professional activity; low self-esteem; postpartum depression; discrimination/ society stigma and lack of support by society. - desired pregnancy, the support by grandparents, previous experience in taking care of children; the perception of the changes of behavior of the child (as inherent to development) and the expectations (realistic and positive) they have in relation to their child, showed as a protecting factor to parenting in adolescence.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem