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Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da microbiota oral no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose, explorando os mecanismos pelos quais a disbiose oral pode contribuir para a inflamação sistémica e para a progressão da doença cardiovascular, através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica integrativa da literatura de acordo com as guidelines PRISMA, recorrendo as bases de dados como PubMed, Scielo e ScienceDirect. A estratégia de pesquisa baseou-se no modelo PECO, utilizando combinações das palavras-chave “microbiota oral”, “aterosclerose”, “doença cardiovascular” “inflamação sistémica”. Foram aplicados critérios de inclusão e exclusão rigorosos, focando estudos sobre a microbiota oral no contexto de aterosclerose. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2025.
Resultados: Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 18 artigos. A análise dos estudos incluídos evidenciou uma associação consistente entre alterações na microbiota oral e o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Diversos trabalhos demonstraram que bactérias associadas à doença periodontal podem entrar na circulação sanguínea e contribuir para processos inflamatórios sistémicos. Alguns estudos identificaram microrganismos de origem oral em placas ateroscleróticas, sugerindo uma possível ligação entre infeções orais e doença cardiovascular. Além disso, a inflamação crónica associada à disbiose da microbiota oral foi frequentemente apontada como um fator que pode favorecer a disfunção endotelial e a progressão das lesões ateroscleróticas. A revisão também destacou a importância de fatores de risco comuns, como tabagismo, diabetes e hábitos de higiene oral inadequados, que podem influenciar simultaneamente a saúde oral e cardiovascular. No geral, os resultados sugerem que a microbiota oral pode desempenhar um papel relevante nos mecanismos inflamatórios e imunológicos envolvidos na patogénese da aterosclerose.
Conclusão: A evidência analisada nesta revisão integrativa sugere que existe uma relação potencial entre a disbiose da microbiota oral e o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Estes resultados reforçam a importância da saúde oral como parte integrante da saúde sistémica e destacam o possível impacto das doenças periodontais na progressão de doenças cardiovasculares. Assim, a promoção de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e controlo das infeções orais pode contribuir não apenas para a saúde oral, mas também para a redução do risco cardiovascular. A compreensão mais aprofundada dos mecanismos que ligam a microbiota oral à aterosclerose poderá permitir, no futuro, o desenvolvimento de abordagens preventivas e terapêuticas mais integradas entre a medicina dentária e a medicina cardiovascular.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of atherosclerosis, exploring the mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis can contribute to systemic inflammation and the progression of cardiovascular disease, through an integrative literature review. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect. The search strategy was based on the PECO model, using combinations of the keywords "oral microbiota," "atherosclerosis," "cardiovascular disease," and "systemic inflammation." Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, focusing on studies about oral microbiota in the context of atherosclerosis. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected. The analysis of the included studies showed a consistent association between alterations in the oral microbiota and the development of atherosclerosis. Several studies have demonstrated that bacteria associated with periodontal disease can enter the bloodstream and contribute to systemic inflammatory processes. Some studies have identified microorganisms of oral origin in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a possible link between oral infections and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, chronic inflammation associated with oral microbiota dysbiosis has frequently been identified as a factor that can favor endothelial dysfunction and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. The review also highlighted the importance of common risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes, and inadequate oral hygiene habits, which can simultaneously influence oral and cardiovascular health. Overall, the results suggest that the oral microbiota may play a relevant role in the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conclusion : The evidence analyzed in this integrative review suggests that there is a potential relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and the development of atherosclerosis. These results reinforce the importance of oral health as an integral part of systemic health and highlight the potential impact of periodontal diseases on the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, promoting effective strategies for the prevention and control of oral infections can contribute not only to oral health but also to reducing cardiovascular risk. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms linking the oral microbiota to atherosclerosis may allow, in the future, the development of more integrated preventive and therapeutic approaches between dentistry and cardiovascular medicine.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of atherosclerosis, exploring the mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis can contribute to systemic inflammation and the progression of cardiovascular disease, through an integrative literature review. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect. The search strategy was based on the PECO model, using combinations of the keywords "oral microbiota," "atherosclerosis," "cardiovascular disease," and "systemic inflammation." Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, focusing on studies about oral microbiota in the context of atherosclerosis. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were selected. The analysis of the included studies showed a consistent association between alterations in the oral microbiota and the development of atherosclerosis. Several studies have demonstrated that bacteria associated with periodontal disease can enter the bloodstream and contribute to systemic inflammatory processes. Some studies have identified microorganisms of oral origin in atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting a possible link between oral infections and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, chronic inflammation associated with oral microbiota dysbiosis has frequently been identified as a factor that can favor endothelial dysfunction and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. The review also highlighted the importance of common risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes, and inadequate oral hygiene habits, which can simultaneously influence oral and cardiovascular health. Overall, the results suggest that the oral microbiota may play a relevant role in the inflammatory and immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Conclusion : The evidence analyzed in this integrative review suggests that there is a potential relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and the development of atherosclerosis. These results reinforce the importance of oral health as an integral part of systemic health and highlight the potential impact of periodontal diseases on the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, promoting effective strategies for the prevention and control of oral infections can contribute not only to oral health but also to reducing cardiovascular risk. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms linking the oral microbiota to atherosclerosis may allow, in the future, the development of more integrated preventive and therapeutic approaches between dentistry and cardiovascular medicine.
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Microbiota oral Aterosclerose Doença cardiovascular Inflamação sistémica Oral microbiota Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular disease Systemic inflammation