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O desemprego jovem em Portugal no período 2011-2018: perceção sobre causas e propostas de resolução
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação aborda o tema do desemprego jovem em Portugal no período 2011-2018. Pretende-se identificar as principais causas do desemprego jovem em Portugal e avançar algumas propostas para a sua resolução. Para o efeito, caracteriza-se a sua evolução no período em análise a partir de dados secundários, e estabelece-se, complementarmente, um estudo empírico que analisa a perceção de uma amostra de estudantes do ensino superior relativamente às principais causas do desemprego jovem em Portugal e suas propostas de resolução. Foi estabelecida uma análise descritiva dos resultados, e procedeu-se a teste não paramétrico qui-quadrado independente por forma a testar a existência de diferenças significativas nas respostas apresentadas pelos estudantes masculinos e femininos. Concluiu-se que os estudantes inquiridos atribuem maior relevância enquanto causa do desemprego jovem à globalização e mão-de-obra mais barata, seguida das novas tecnologias, sistema fiscal, contratos de trabalho a termo, inadequação dos planos curriculares e inadequação das habilitações dos trabalhadores. Relativamente às propostas de resolução os estudantes propuseram conjugar ensino e mercado de trabalho, formação profissional, melhoria de aptidões através do ensino, promoção do empreendedorismo e autoemprego, estágios e diminuição da taxa social única. Registaram-se diferenças significativas na atribuição de importância dada por estudantes do sexo feminino e masculino, às novas tecnologias e aos contratos a termo, enquanto causa do desemprego jovem, sendo atribuída maior relevância às novas tecnologias pelas estudantes e aos contratos a termos pelos estudantes.
This dissertation addresses the issue of youth unemployment in Portugal during the period 2011-2018. Its aim is to identify the main causes of youth unemployment in Portugal and to provide some solution proposals. To this end, its evolution is described during the period under analysis from secondary data, and, in addition, an empirical study is established which analyses the perception of a sample of higher education students regarding the main causes of youth unemployment in Portugal and their solution proposals. A descriptive analysis of the results was established and an independent nonparametric chi-square test was carried out to test for significant differences in the responses presented by male and female students. It was concluded that the surveyed students give a greater relevance as a cause of youth unemployment to globalisation and cheaper labour, followed by new technologies, tax system, fixed term contracts, inadequate curriculum plans and inadequate workers' qualifications. Concerning the solution proposals, the students proposed to combine education and the labour market, training, skills enhancement through teaching, entrepreneurship and self-employment promotion, internships and lowering the single income tax contribution. Significant differences were seen on the level of importance given by female and male students to new technologies and fixed-term contracts as a cause of youth unemployment, with greater emphasis being given to new technologies by female students and to fixed-term contracts by male students.
This dissertation addresses the issue of youth unemployment in Portugal during the period 2011-2018. Its aim is to identify the main causes of youth unemployment in Portugal and to provide some solution proposals. To this end, its evolution is described during the period under analysis from secondary data, and, in addition, an empirical study is established which analyses the perception of a sample of higher education students regarding the main causes of youth unemployment in Portugal and their solution proposals. A descriptive analysis of the results was established and an independent nonparametric chi-square test was carried out to test for significant differences in the responses presented by male and female students. It was concluded that the surveyed students give a greater relevance as a cause of youth unemployment to globalisation and cheaper labour, followed by new technologies, tax system, fixed term contracts, inadequate curriculum plans and inadequate workers' qualifications. Concerning the solution proposals, the students proposed to combine education and the labour market, training, skills enhancement through teaching, entrepreneurship and self-employment promotion, internships and lowering the single income tax contribution. Significant differences were seen on the level of importance given by female and male students to new technologies and fixed-term contracts as a cause of youth unemployment, with greater emphasis being given to new technologies by female students and to fixed-term contracts by male students.
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Keywords
Desemprego jovem Causas e propostas de resolução do desemprego Portugal Youth unemployment Causes and resolution proposals for youth unemployment Portugal