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Avaliação da autoperceção da saúde oral na qualidade de vida de uma população idosa
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O edentulismo é a perda parcial ou total dos dentes. O edentulismo total é caracterizado pela perda completa dos dentes permanentes, sendo irreversível e incapacitante devido às suas sequelas nas funções mastigatória, fonética e estética, que afetam a qualidade de vida. No entanto, essas consequências podem ser minimizadas por meio da reabilitação com próteses totais. Apesar de uma vida mais longa proporcionar mais oportunidades para o idoso, ganhos nem sempre estão a ser vividos com boas condições de saúde (Friedman et al., 2019). Os indicadores da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral (QdVRSO) permitem uma avaliação e cuidados, que ressaltam a experiência social e emocional do indivíduo, tendo em conta os aspetos funcionais e psicossociais da saúde oral, dando relevância às percepções e preocupações deste, acerca da sua saúde oral, na determinação do plano de tratamento (FDI, 2015; Tan et al., 2016). Um destes indicadores é o Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) e é responsável pela medição da influência da saúde oral na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Avaliar a qualidade de vida a partir do GOHAI melhora a decisão clínica e promove melhores cuidados de saúde oral (Carvalho et al., 2013). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar autoperceção da saúde oral e qualidade de vida de uma população geriátrica e a avaliação da sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde oral. Estudo de tipologia transversal envolvendo uma população geriátrica e uma amostra de pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. A recolha de dados decorreu nas Clínicas Pedagógicas de Medicina Dentária da Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Parecer positivo da Comissão de Ética da UFP (FCS/PI - 757/25). Esta recolha de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, que incluiu perguntas relacionadas com variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de saúde oral e qualidade de vida através do questionário Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). A análise de dados foi realizada com recurso à estatística descritiva e inferencial através do software IBM SPSS® Statistics vs.30.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2024, Armonk, NY, IBM Corp), considerando um nível de significância de 0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram uma autoperceção global moderadamente positiva da saúde oral, com uma mediana do índice GOHAI total de 32 pontos. A maioria dos participantes apresentou níveis moderados a elevados de qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral. Não se observaram associações estatisticamente significativas entre os scores do GOHAI e as variáveis sociodemográficas, como genero, idade, escolaridade, estado civil e convivência. Em contraste, condições clínicas como o sangramento gengival durante a escovagem e a insatisfação com a prótese dentária estiveram significativamente associadas a piores scores de GOHAI, afetando negativamente as dimensões física, psicossocial e de dor/desconforto. Conclui-se que, na população geriátrica estudada, a autoperceção da saúde oral é influenciada principalmente por fatores clínicos, em particular pela saúde periodontal e pela satisfação com as próteses dentárias, mais do que por características sociodemográficas, refletindo o impacto direto destas condições na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral.
Edentulism is the partial or total loss of teeth. Total edentulism is characterized by the complete loss of permanent teeth, being irreversible and disabling due to its sequelae in the masticatory, phonetic, and aesthetic functions, which affect quality of life. However, these consequences can be minimized through rehabilitation with complete dentures (Silva et al., 2010). Despite a longer life providing more opportunities for the elderly, these gains are not always being experienced with good health conditions (Friedman et al., 2019). The indicators of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) allow for an assessment and care that highlight the social and emotional experience of the individual, taking into account the functional and psychosocial aspects of oral health, giving relevance to their perceptions and concerns about their oral health in determining the treatment plan (FDI, 2015; Tan et al., 2016). One of these indicators is the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and it is responsible for measuring the influence of oral health on the quality of life of the elderly. Evaluating quality of life through GOHAI improves clinical decision-making and promotes better oral healthcare (Carvalho et al., 2013). The objective of this study is to evaluate the self-perception of oral health and quality of life of a geriatric population and the assessment of its association with sociodemographic variables and oral health conditions. Cross-sectional study involving a geriatric population and a sample of patients aged 65 years or older. Data collection will take place at the Teaching Clinics of Dental Medicine of Universidade Fernando Pessoa, after the necessary authorizations have been obtained. This data collection will be carried out through the application of a structured questionnaire, which will include questions related to sociodemographic variables, oral health habits, and quality of life through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Data analysis will be performed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the IBM SPSS® Statistics vs.30.0 software (IBM Corp. Released 2024, Armonk, NY, IBM Corp), considering a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a moderately positive overall self-perception of oral health, with a median total GOHAI score of 32 points. Most participants presented moderate to high levels of oral health-related quality of life. No statistically significant associations were observed between GOHAI scores and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, or living arrangement. In contrast, clinical conditions such as gingival bleeding during tooth brushing and dissatisfaction with dental prostheses were significantly associated with poorer GOHAI scores, negatively affecting the physical, psychosocial, and pain/discomfort dimensions. It can be concluded that, in the studied geriatric population, self-perceived oral health is mainly influenced by clinical factors—particularly periodontal health and satisfaction with dental prostheses—rather than by sociodemographic characteristics, reflecting the direct impact of these conditions on oral health-related quality of life.
Edentulism is the partial or total loss of teeth. Total edentulism is characterized by the complete loss of permanent teeth, being irreversible and disabling due to its sequelae in the masticatory, phonetic, and aesthetic functions, which affect quality of life. However, these consequences can be minimized through rehabilitation with complete dentures (Silva et al., 2010). Despite a longer life providing more opportunities for the elderly, these gains are not always being experienced with good health conditions (Friedman et al., 2019). The indicators of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) allow for an assessment and care that highlight the social and emotional experience of the individual, taking into account the functional and psychosocial aspects of oral health, giving relevance to their perceptions and concerns about their oral health in determining the treatment plan (FDI, 2015; Tan et al., 2016). One of these indicators is the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and it is responsible for measuring the influence of oral health on the quality of life of the elderly. Evaluating quality of life through GOHAI improves clinical decision-making and promotes better oral healthcare (Carvalho et al., 2013). The objective of this study is to evaluate the self-perception of oral health and quality of life of a geriatric population and the assessment of its association with sociodemographic variables and oral health conditions. Cross-sectional study involving a geriatric population and a sample of patients aged 65 years or older. Data collection will take place at the Teaching Clinics of Dental Medicine of Universidade Fernando Pessoa, after the necessary authorizations have been obtained. This data collection will be carried out through the application of a structured questionnaire, which will include questions related to sociodemographic variables, oral health habits, and quality of life through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Data analysis will be performed using descriptive and inferential statistics through the IBM SPSS® Statistics vs.30.0 software (IBM Corp. Released 2024, Armonk, NY, IBM Corp), considering a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a moderately positive overall self-perception of oral health, with a median total GOHAI score of 32 points. Most participants presented moderate to high levels of oral health-related quality of life. No statistically significant associations were observed between GOHAI scores and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, or living arrangement. In contrast, clinical conditions such as gingival bleeding during tooth brushing and dissatisfaction with dental prostheses were significantly associated with poorer GOHAI scores, negatively affecting the physical, psychosocial, and pain/discomfort dimensions. It can be concluded that, in the studied geriatric population, self-perceived oral health is mainly influenced by clinical factors—particularly periodontal health and satisfaction with dental prostheses—rather than by sociodemographic characteristics, reflecting the direct impact of these conditions on oral health-related quality of life.
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Palavras-chave
Idoso Qualidade de vida Saúde oral GOHAI Elder Quality of life Oral health