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Impacto da subida das taxas de juro no orçamento das famílias e das empresas em Portugal
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
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| Projeto de graduação_2023104990 | 906.1 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da subida das taxas de juro no orçamento das famílias e das empresas em Portugal, com especial destaque para o período entre 2022 e 2024. O aumento da inflação levou o Banco Central Europeu (BCE) a aumentar as taxas de juro para controlar a subida dos preços. Como consequência, as prestações do crédito à habitação aumentaram, reduzindo o rendimento disponível de muitas famílias e obrigando-as a diminuir o consumo e, em alguns casos, a recorrer às suas poupanças.
O estudo analisa também os efeitos desta situação nas empresas, que passaram a enfrentar maiores custos de financiamento e uma redução do investimento. Em simultâneo, a inflação fez aumentar os custos de produção, dificultando a atividade económica e afetando principalmente as pequenas e médias empresas. Estas alterações tiveram impacto no crescimento da economia portuguesa, verificando-se um abrandamento do consumo, do investimento e do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB).
Para a realização deste trabalho foi utilizada uma metodologia baseada na análise de livros, artigos científicos, relatórios e dados estatísticos de entidades como o Banco de Portugal, o Banco Central Europeu e o Instituto Nacional de Estatística. A interpretação dos resultados foi apoiada na teoria keynesiana, permitindo compreender a relação entre as taxas de juro, o consumo, o investimento e o crescimento económico.
Conclui-se que a subida das taxas de juro teve um impacto significativo nas famílias, nas empresas e na economia portuguesa. Embora a descida gradual das taxas em 2024 tenha contribuído para uma melhoria da situação, muitos dos efeitos ainda continuam a sentir-se, demonstrando a importância da política monetária na estabilidade económica.
This study aims to analyse the impact of rising interest rates on the budgets of households and companies in Portugal, with particular emphasis on the period between 2022 and 2024. The increase in inflation led the European Central Bank (ECB) to raise interest rates in order to control rising prices. As a result, mortgage repayments increased, reducing the disposable income of many households and forcing them to reduce their consumption and, in some cases, use their savings to cope with higher expenses. The study also examines the effects of this situation on companies, which faced higher financing costs and lower levels of investment. At the same time, inflation increased production costs, making business activity more difficult and particularly affecting small and medium-sized enterprises. These changes also had an impact on the growth of the Portuguese economy, leading to a slowdown in consumption, investment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The research was based on a methodology involving the analysis of books, scientific articles, reports and statistical data published by institutions such as the Bank of Portugal, the European Central Bank and Statistics Portugal (INE). The interpretation of the findings was supported by Keynesian theory, which helped explain the relationship between interest rates, consumption, investment and economic growth. The study concludes that rising interest rates had a significant impact on Portuguese households, companies and the national economy. Although the gradual reduction in interest rates during 2024 contributed to an improvement in the overall situation, many of the effects are still being felt, highlighting the importance of monetary policy in maintaining economic stability.
This study aims to analyse the impact of rising interest rates on the budgets of households and companies in Portugal, with particular emphasis on the period between 2022 and 2024. The increase in inflation led the European Central Bank (ECB) to raise interest rates in order to control rising prices. As a result, mortgage repayments increased, reducing the disposable income of many households and forcing them to reduce their consumption and, in some cases, use their savings to cope with higher expenses. The study also examines the effects of this situation on companies, which faced higher financing costs and lower levels of investment. At the same time, inflation increased production costs, making business activity more difficult and particularly affecting small and medium-sized enterprises. These changes also had an impact on the growth of the Portuguese economy, leading to a slowdown in consumption, investment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The research was based on a methodology involving the analysis of books, scientific articles, reports and statistical data published by institutions such as the Bank of Portugal, the European Central Bank and Statistics Portugal (INE). The interpretation of the findings was supported by Keynesian theory, which helped explain the relationship between interest rates, consumption, investment and economic growth. The study concludes that rising interest rates had a significant impact on Portuguese households, companies and the national economy. Although the gradual reduction in interest rates during 2024 contributed to an improvement in the overall situation, many of the effects are still being felt, highlighting the importance of monetary policy in maintaining economic stability.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências Empresariais.
Palavras-chave
Taxas de juro Orçamento familiar Crédito à habitação Poupança Inflação Famílias portuguesas Interest rates Household budget Mortgage credit Savings Inflation Portuguese households