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Circunstâncias da perda e desenvolvimento do processo de luto em adultos
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O luto é uma reação normal e expectável a uma perda e, neste sentido, não deve ser perspetivado como doença, mas como uma transição no ciclo de vida. O presente trabalho está organizado em duas partes. A primeira consiste num artigo de revisão da literatura que tem como objetivo conhecer a realidade recente no que respeita ao desenvolvimento do processo de luto em adultos, com foco nas circunstâncias da perda, nomeadamente se esta ocorreu de uma forma esperada ou inesperada e de que modo esse fato afeta o processo de luto, bem como quais as reações mais manifestadas, sempre tendo em consideração as variáveis sociodemográficas dos sujeitos. De uma forma geral, os resultados sugerem que as circunstâncias da perda, nomeadamente se esta ocorre de forma súbita ou inesperada, têm enorme impacto nos indivíduos, verificando-se maior dor emocional associada ao luto, maior dificuldade em lidar com a perda e, ainda, maior propensão para o desenvolvimento de diversas patologias. A segunda parte integra um artigo de natureza empírica, em que se apresenta um estudo cujo objetivo geral é analisar se existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre indivíduos que sofreram perdas em circunstâncias esperadas e indivíduos que sofreram perdas em circunstâncias inesperadas quanto ao desenvolvimento do processo de luto, tendo em consideração as características sociodemográficas e da relação com a pessoa falecida dos 60 participantes, onde foram administrados dois instrumentos: um sociodemográfico e do luto e o questionário de Avaliação do Luto Prolongado (PG-13). Os resultados indicam que, apesar de não haver amostra significativa (apenas 1 participante) com Perturbação do Luto Prolongado, existem itens do instrumento que se mostraram significativos e que impactam de forma negativa a vida dos indivíduos, nomeadamente os que se referem ao choque/confusão pela perda, dificuldades na aceitação da perda e amargura pela perda.
Denota-se assim a necessidade de promover a importância do estudo do luto, bem como de estratégias para melhor lidar com este processo.
Mourning is a normal and expected reaction to a loss and, in this sense, should not be viewed as a disease but as a transition in the life cycle. This paper is organized in two parts. The first is an article reviewing the literature that aims to know the recent reality regarding the development of the process of mourning in adults, focusing on the circumstances of the loss, namely whether it occurred in an expected or unexpected way and how this fact affects the process of mourning, as well as which are the most manifested reactions, always taking into account the sociodemographic variables of the subjects, In general, the results suggest that the circumstances of the loss, especially if it occurs suddenly or unexpectedly, have a huge impact on individuals, with greater emotional pain associated with bereavement, greater difficulty in coping with the loss, and even , a greater propensity for the development of several pathologies. The second part includes an empirical article, which presents a study whose general objective is to analyze if there are statistically significant differences between individuals who suffered losses in expected circumstances and individuals who suffered losses in unexpected circumstances regarding the development of the mourning process, taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics and the relationship with the deceased of the 60 participants, where two instruments were administered: a sociodemographic and grief study and Prolonged Grief Assessment (PG-13) questionnaire. The results indicate that, although there is no significant sample (only 1 participant) with Prolonged Grieving Disorder, there are items of the instrument that have been shown to be significant and negatively impact the life of individuals, especially those related to shock / confusion by the loss, difficulties in accepting loss and bitterness by loss. The need to promote the importance of the study of mourning, as well as strategies to deal with this process, is thus highlighted.
Mourning is a normal and expected reaction to a loss and, in this sense, should not be viewed as a disease but as a transition in the life cycle. This paper is organized in two parts. The first is an article reviewing the literature that aims to know the recent reality regarding the development of the process of mourning in adults, focusing on the circumstances of the loss, namely whether it occurred in an expected or unexpected way and how this fact affects the process of mourning, as well as which are the most manifested reactions, always taking into account the sociodemographic variables of the subjects, In general, the results suggest that the circumstances of the loss, especially if it occurs suddenly or unexpectedly, have a huge impact on individuals, with greater emotional pain associated with bereavement, greater difficulty in coping with the loss, and even , a greater propensity for the development of several pathologies. The second part includes an empirical article, which presents a study whose general objective is to analyze if there are statistically significant differences between individuals who suffered losses in expected circumstances and individuals who suffered losses in unexpected circumstances regarding the development of the mourning process, taking into account the sociodemographic characteristics and the relationship with the deceased of the 60 participants, where two instruments were administered: a sociodemographic and grief study and Prolonged Grief Assessment (PG-13) questionnaire. The results indicate that, although there is no significant sample (only 1 participant) with Prolonged Grieving Disorder, there are items of the instrument that have been shown to be significant and negatively impact the life of individuals, especially those related to shock / confusion by the loss, difficulties in accepting loss and bitterness by loss. The need to promote the importance of the study of mourning, as well as strategies to deal with this process, is thus highlighted.
Description
Keywords
Luto Morte inesperada Morte esperada Psicologia Mourning Unexpected death Expected death Psychology