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Alterações biológicas na cavidade oral do idoso: revisão sistemática
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_38321 | 1.14 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as principais alterações biológicas da cavidade oral em pessoas idosas com 60 anos ou mais. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e EBSCO e, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados dez estudos transversais. O risco de viés foi avaliado através de ferramentas do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A análise da evidência mostrou que a hiposalivação e a xerostomia são as alterações mais prevalentes nesta faixa etária, frequentemente relacionadas com a polimedicação e doenças crónicas. Verificouse ainda que a mucosa oral apresenta maior fragilidade, que a recessão gengival favorece a cárie radicular e que a presença de comorbilidades agrava a perda dentária. Fatores socioeconómicos, como baixos rendimentos e necessidade de próteses, associaram-se a um impacto negativo na saúde oral e consequentemente na qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que o envelhecimento oral deve ser considerado um fenómeno biológico específico, cuja compreensão exige uma abordagem integrada que contemple dimensões clínicas, funcionais e sociais. Este enquadramento é essencial para orientar estratégias preventivas, cuidados adaptados e políticas públicas dirigidas à população idosa.
This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse the main biological alterations of the oral cavity in older adults aged 60 years and above. A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases and, after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten cross-sectional studies were selected. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The analysis showed that hyposalivation and xerostomia are frequent conditions in this age group, often related to polypharmacy and chronic diseases. The oral mucosa was found to be more fragile, gingival recession contributed to the development of root caries, and the presence of comorbidities was associated with greater tooth loss. Socioeconomic factors such as low income and the need for dentures were linked to the negative impact in oral health and consequently, the quality of life. It can be concluded that oral ageing should be regarded as a specific biological phenomenon, whose understanding requires an integrated approach that considers clinical, functional, and social dimensions. This perspective is essential to guide preventive strategies, provide adapted care, and support public health policies aimed at the elderly population.
This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse the main biological alterations of the oral cavity in older adults aged 60 years and above. A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases and, after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten cross-sectional studies were selected. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The analysis showed that hyposalivation and xerostomia are frequent conditions in this age group, often related to polypharmacy and chronic diseases. The oral mucosa was found to be more fragile, gingival recession contributed to the development of root caries, and the presence of comorbidities was associated with greater tooth loss. Socioeconomic factors such as low income and the need for dentures were linked to the negative impact in oral health and consequently, the quality of life. It can be concluded that oral ageing should be regarded as a specific biological phenomenon, whose understanding requires an integrated approach that considers clinical, functional, and social dimensions. This perspective is essential to guide preventive strategies, provide adapted care, and support public health policies aimed at the elderly population.
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Cavidade oral Doença bucal Idoso Envelhecimento Elderly Aging Oral diseases Oral cavity