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Publication
A qualidade de vida dos idosos residentes em estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas e utentes de Centros de Dia
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dissertação_de_mestrado_5625 | 3.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O aumento significativo do envelhecimento populacional no nosso país, torna este tema relevante socialmente, podendo ser explicado pelo aumento da longevidade de vida e com a queda acentuada da taxa de natalidade. Ao longo do processo de envelhecimento os idosos passam por transformações físicas, psicológicas, sociais. A velhice é interpretada por uma fase de declínio e incapacidade associada a perdas, mas pode ser encarada como uma fase de oportunidades onde estes podem-se focar nas suas forças positivas e capacitar-se de novas habilidades. Seguindo as diretrizes da OMS, há uma preocupação crescente para que os idosos envelheçam bem e ativos, e que mantenham o sentido de pertença e valorização na comunidade, logo, torna-se pertinente o estudo do construto de qualidade de vida para compreender de que modo os idosos percecionam a sua vida, sobretudo nesta etapa específica do ciclo vida, esta para além de ser um construto amplo e subjetivo é influenciada por diversos fatores. As Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas (ERPI`s) e os Centros de Dia, surgem com o objetivo de auxiliar idosos e famílias no auxílio das suas necessidades e desafios de modo que estes envelheçam bem. O objetivo geral deste estudo consiste em compreender a perceção da qualidade de vida e os seus domínios dos idosos que se encontram a residir em ERPI´s e os utentes de Centros de Dia. Este estudo contou com 87 idosos, pertencentes a ERPI`s (n=42) e Centros de Dia (n= 45) do distrito do Porto. A maioria eram do sexo feminino, viúvas, com o 1º ciclo escolaridade. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e o instrumento WHOQOL Bref, para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Os resultados sugerem que os idosos residentes nas ERPI`s e utentes de Centros de Dia tinham uma perceção moderada a boa de qualidade de vida, destacando-se os Centros de Dia com melhor perceção. Nas ERPI`s eram os viúvos e casados com melhores perceções de qualidade de vida geral, já nos Centros de Dia eram os casados, eram os homens que tinham melhores relações sociais e quanto maior a escolaridade melhor perceção de qualidade de vida (geral e domínios). Os idosos em ambas as respostas sociais valorizam a receção de visitas e a sua regularidade atribuindo muita importância para a sua qualidade de vida. Nas ERPI`s a participação nas atividades melhoravam as relações sociais dos residentes. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas no domínio físico destacando-se os utentes dos Centros de Dia comparativamente com os residentes das ERPI`s. O domínio com melhores perceções nas ERPI`s foi o ambiente e o com piores foram as relações sociais. Nos Centros de Dia, obteve-se melhores perceções no domínio físico, e piores perceções igualmente nas relações sociais. Concluiu-se que os residentes das ERPI`s e utentes dos Centros de Dia tem perceção semelhantes na qualidade de vida e são necessários esforços por parte destas respostas sociais para dar resposta ao crescimento da população idosa.
The significant increase in population ageing in our country makes this issue socially relevant and can be explained by the increase in life expectancy and the sharp fall in the birth rate. Throughout the ageing process, the elderly undergo physical, psychological and social transformations. Old age is interpreted as a phase of decline and incapacity associated with loss, but it can be seen as a phase of opportunity where they can focus on their positive strengths and empower themselves with new skills. Following WHO guidelines, there is a growing concern for the elderly to age well and actively, and to maintain a sense of belonging and appreciation in the community. It is therefore pertinent to study the construct of quality of life in order to understand how the elderly perceive their lives, especially in this specific stage of the life cycle, which, as well as being a broad and subjective construct, is influenced by various factors. Residential Structures for People (ERPI's) and Day Centres are designed to help the elderly and their families meet their needs and challenges so that they can age well. The general aim of this study is to understand the perception of quality of life and its domains among elderly people living in ERPIs and users of Day Centres. This study included 87 elderly people from ERPIs (n=42) and Day Centres (n= 45) in the district of Porto. The majority were female, widowed and had completed primary school. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the WHOQOL Bref instrument were used to assess quality of life. The results suggest that the elderly residents of the ERPI`s and users of the Day Centres had a moderate to good perception of quality of life, with the Day Centres standing out as having the best perception. In the ERPI's it was widowers and married people who had better perceptions of general quality of life, while in the Day Centres it was married people, men who had better social relationships and the higher the level of schooling, the better the perception of quality of life (general and domains). The elderly in both social centres valued receiving visits and their regularity, attaching great importance to their quality of life. In the ERPIs, participation in activities improved residents' social relationships. Significant differences were found in the physical domain, with users of Day Centres standing out compared to residents of ERPIs. The domain with the best perceptions in the ERPI`s was the environment and the one with the worst was social relationships. In the Day Centres, there were better perceptions in the physical domain and worse perceptions in social relationships. It was concluded that the residents of the ERPI`s and users of the Day Centres have similar perceptions of quality of life and that efforts are needed on the part of these social responses to respond to the growth of the elderly population.
The significant increase in population ageing in our country makes this issue socially relevant and can be explained by the increase in life expectancy and the sharp fall in the birth rate. Throughout the ageing process, the elderly undergo physical, psychological and social transformations. Old age is interpreted as a phase of decline and incapacity associated with loss, but it can be seen as a phase of opportunity where they can focus on their positive strengths and empower themselves with new skills. Following WHO guidelines, there is a growing concern for the elderly to age well and actively, and to maintain a sense of belonging and appreciation in the community. It is therefore pertinent to study the construct of quality of life in order to understand how the elderly perceive their lives, especially in this specific stage of the life cycle, which, as well as being a broad and subjective construct, is influenced by various factors. Residential Structures for People (ERPI's) and Day Centres are designed to help the elderly and their families meet their needs and challenges so that they can age well. The general aim of this study is to understand the perception of quality of life and its domains among elderly people living in ERPIs and users of Day Centres. This study included 87 elderly people from ERPIs (n=42) and Day Centres (n= 45) in the district of Porto. The majority were female, widowed and had completed primary school. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the WHOQOL Bref instrument were used to assess quality of life. The results suggest that the elderly residents of the ERPI`s and users of the Day Centres had a moderate to good perception of quality of life, with the Day Centres standing out as having the best perception. In the ERPI's it was widowers and married people who had better perceptions of general quality of life, while in the Day Centres it was married people, men who had better social relationships and the higher the level of schooling, the better the perception of quality of life (general and domains). The elderly in both social centres valued receiving visits and their regularity, attaching great importance to their quality of life. In the ERPIs, participation in activities improved residents' social relationships. Significant differences were found in the physical domain, with users of Day Centres standing out compared to residents of ERPIs. The domain with the best perceptions in the ERPI`s was the environment and the one with the worst was social relationships. In the Day Centres, there were better perceptions in the physical domain and worse perceptions in social relationships. It was concluded that the residents of the ERPI`s and users of the Day Centres have similar perceptions of quality of life and that efforts are needed on the part of these social responses to respond to the growth of the elderly population.
Description
Keywords
Envelhecimento Idosos Qualidade de vida ERPI Centros de Dia Ageing Elderly Quality of life Day Centres