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Publication
O complexo Mycobacterium avium: caracterizaĆ§Ć£o e patogenicidade
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_21355 | 1.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As infeƧƵes provocadas por micobactĆ©rias sĆ£o das doenƧas mais antigas que afetam
a humanidade, estando descritas hĆ” mais de 4000 anos. As micobactĆ©rias ditas atĆpicas
(NTM - "non-tuberculous mycobacteria"), nomeadamente as pertencentes ao complexo
Mycobacterium avium (MAC), sĆ£o ubĆquas no meio ambiente, sendo impossĆvel evitar a
exposiĆ§Ć£o ambiental. Estas bactĆ©rias sĆ£o ingeridas atravĆ©s da Ć”gua e alimentos, mas
tambĆ©m inaladas atravĆ©s de aerossĆ³is. Assim, uma grande parte da populaĆ§Ć£o jĆ” teve
contato com MAC, mas nunca desenvolveu doenƧa. O interesse pelas doenƧas provocadas
por NTM cresceu exponencialmente com o recrudescimento global da epidemia da SIDA,
pois muitas sĆ£o patogĆ©nicos oportunistas. A infeĆ§Ć£o pulmonar Ć© a forma de apresentaĆ§Ć£o
mais comum do MAC, mas tambĆ©m pode ocorrer infeĆ§Ć£o disseminada. De modo a evitar
o desenvolvimento de doenƧa oportunista recomenda-se o uso de profilaxia. A difĆcil
eliminaĆ§Ć£o do MAC pelos hospedeiros susceptĆveis leva Ć sua permanĆŖncia no interior
das cĆ©lulas fagocĆticas e acaba por conduzir Ć formaĆ§Ć£o de granuloma pulmonar. O
diagnĆ³stico diferencial baseia-se em mĆ©todos fenotĆpicos e genĆ©ticos. Relativamente ao
tratamento, devido Ć sua camada exterior lipofĆlica, os medicamentos hidrofĆlicos
apresentam fraca penetraĆ§Ć£o. A terapia habitual utiliza uma combinaĆ§Ć£o de antibiĆ³ticos,
para prevenir o surgimento de resistĆŖncias. Infections caused by mycobacteria are of the oldest diseases affecting humanity,
being described and researched about for over 4000 years. The atypical mycobacteria
(NTM - "non-tuberculous mycobacteria"), in particular those belonging to the
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are ubiquitous in the environment, thus making
it impossbile to avoid environmental exposure. These bacteria are ingested through water
and foods but also through inhaled aerosols. Therefore, a large part of the population has
had contact with MAC, but never developed any associated diseases. Interest in diseases
caused by NTM has grown exponentially with the global resurgence of the AIDS
epidemic, because many are opportunistic pathogens. Pulmonary infection is the most
common form of presentation of the MAC, but can also be seen as a disseminated
infection. To prevent the development of opportunistic infection it is recommended to use
prophylaxis. The difficult elimination of susceptible hosts by MAC results in them
staying permanently within the phagocytic cells and ultimately leads to the formation of
pulmonary granuloms. Differential diagnosis is based on phenotypic and genetic
methods. For the treatment, due to its lipophilic outer layer, hydrophilic drugs have poor
penetration. The usual therapy uses a combination of antibiotics, to prevent emergence of
resistance.
Description
Projeto de PĆ³s-GraduaĆ§Ć£o/DissertaĆ§Ć£o apresentado Ć Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenĆ§Ć£o do grau de Mestre em CiĆŖncias FarmacĆŖuticas
Keywords
NTM Complexo Mycobacterium avium SIDA Granuloma NTM Mycobacterium avium complex AIDS Granuloms