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Prevalência de alterações posturais da coluna vertebral e factores de risco associados em crianças do 1º ciclo do ensino básico
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Abstract(s)
Objectivo: Analisar a prevalência de alterações posturais em crianças do 1º ciclo, bem como os factores de risco associados. Método: Para tal foram observadas, através de um estudo transversal, descritivo simples, 161 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e 11 anos, pertencentes às escolas EB1 de Pedrouços e EB1 do Paço, ambas localizadas no concelho da Maia, distrito do Porto. A informação foi recolhida através de um rastreio, onde constava informação relativa a dados antropométricos, de caracterização da amostra, postura, medida dos membros inferiores, percepção do peso da mochila e hábito de utilização da mesma. Resultados: Nos quatro anos de escolaridade foram encontrados casos de mochilas com excesso de peso, sendo o número de casos superior aos 50% no terceiro ano de escolaridade. Foram sobretudo estes alunos que percepcionaram as suas mochilas como pesadas. A maioria dos alunos da amostra estudada utiliza correctamente a mochila, com apoio em ambos os ombros e gasta em média menos de 1hora diária no seu transporte. Relativamente às alterações posturais, foram detectados casos de escolioses sobretudo no segundo ano, sendo a hiperlordose a alteração mais frequente para a faixa etária estudada, tendo as discrepâncias de membros inferiores pouca expressão. A dor lombar foi mais prevalente nas meninas sobretudo dos últimos anos do ensino básico. Conclusão: No presente estudo a maioria das crianças apresenta peso saudável, hiperlordose lombar, transporta correctamente a mochila, sendo os alunos dos últimos anos aqueles que transportam a mochila mais pesada, a percepcionam como mais pesada e referem maior tendência para sofrer de dor lombar, sobretudo o sexo feminino.
Objective: Analyze the prevalence of postural changes in children who study in primary school, as well as the associated risk factors. Method: With that said we observed, through a simple descriptive and transversal study, 161 children with their age between 5 and 11 years, belonging to EB1 de Pedrouços’ and EB1 do Paço’s schools, both located in Maia’s county, district of Oporto. The information was collected through a screening, which contained information about anthropometric data, characterizing the sample, posture, lower limbs’ measurement, weight perception of backpack and habits of its use. Results: In the four school grades were found cases of backpacks’ overweight, being the number of cases above 50% in the third grade. These were the students that above all acknowledged their backpacks as overweight. Most of the students from our sample wear them properly, with support on both shoulders and spend about an hour per day in its transportation. About the postural changes, we detected cases of scoliosis mainly in the second grade, being the hyperlordosis the most frequent one, and the lower limb’s discrepancy had low significance. The low back pain had more relevance in girls from the last grades of primary school. Conclusion: In our study most of students show a healthy weight, hyperlordosis lumbar, correct transportation of the backpack, being the students from the last grades the ones who carry more weight in their backpacks, acknowledge them as the heaviest and have more tendency to suffer from low back pain, especially the female gender.
Objective: Analyze the prevalence of postural changes in children who study in primary school, as well as the associated risk factors. Method: With that said we observed, through a simple descriptive and transversal study, 161 children with their age between 5 and 11 years, belonging to EB1 de Pedrouços’ and EB1 do Paço’s schools, both located in Maia’s county, district of Oporto. The information was collected through a screening, which contained information about anthropometric data, characterizing the sample, posture, lower limbs’ measurement, weight perception of backpack and habits of its use. Results: In the four school grades were found cases of backpacks’ overweight, being the number of cases above 50% in the third grade. These were the students that above all acknowledged their backpacks as overweight. Most of the students from our sample wear them properly, with support on both shoulders and spend about an hour per day in its transportation. About the postural changes, we detected cases of scoliosis mainly in the second grade, being the hyperlordosis the most frequent one, and the lower limb’s discrepancy had low significance. The low back pain had more relevance in girls from the last grades of primary school. Conclusion: In our study most of students show a healthy weight, hyperlordosis lumbar, correct transportation of the backpack, being the students from the last grades the ones who carry more weight in their backpacks, acknowledge them as the heaviest and have more tendency to suffer from low back pain, especially the female gender.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia
Keywords
Alterações posturais Dor lombar Factores de risco Crianças Postural changes Low back pain Risk factors Children