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Influência dos estilos de liderança no burnout dos enfermeiros: uma revisão integrativa
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Abstract(s)
A síndrome de burnout surge em resposta ao stress emocional progressivo, derivado da perceção contínua da não satisfação de necessidades e expectativas, perante as quais a pessoa não encontra estratégias para ultrapassar (Sousa et al., 2018). O Enfermeiro é, diariamente, exposto a diferentes fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de burnout como carga de trabalho, convivência com o sofrimento e a morte, falta de autonomia, conflitos e má relação entre profissionais, pouco reconhecimento, entre outros (Vidotti et al., 2018). Os Enfermeiros Gestores têm impacto no ambiente organizacional e através do estilo de liderança podem influenciar o burnout nos enfermeiros (Nobre et al., 2019). Existem vários estilos de liderança: transformacional, transacional, autêntica, laissez-faire, autocrático, situacional e carismática.
Os objetivos do estudo são conhecer a influência dos estilos de liderança do Enfermeiro Gestor no burnout dos Enfermeiros e identificar qual o estilo de liderança que contribui para a prevenção/minimização dos níveis de burnout nos enfermeiros.
Assim, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed e CINAHL. Recorreu-se aos descritores: Leadership, Burnout e Nurses e, aos seguintes limitadores: estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, em texto integral, com acesso gratuito e nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Foram encontrados 3532 estudos, tendo sido incluídos apenas 7 estudos, por responderem aos objetivos do estudo e aos critérios de inclusão.
Concluiu-se que, os estilos de liderança utilizados pelos Enfermeiros Gestores influenciam o burnout nos enfermeiros. A liderança transformacional foi o estilo que demonstrou mais resultados positivos e que pode ser utilizado tanto na diminuição dos níveis, como na prevenção do desenvolvimento desta síndrome.
Burnout syndrome arises in response to progressive emotional stress, derived from the continuous perception of non-satisfaction of needs and expectations (Sousa et al., 2018). Nurses are daily exposed to different factors that contribute to the development of burnout such as workload, coexistence with suffering and death, lack of autonomy, conflicts and poor relationship between professionals, little recognition, among others (Vidotti et al., 2018). Nurse Managers have an impact on the organizational environment and through the leadership style they can influence the development of burnout in nurses (Nobre et al., 2019). There are several leadership styles: transformational, transactional, authentic, laissez-faire, autocratic, situational and charismatic. The objectives of this study are to understand the influence of the nurse manager´s leadership styles on nurse´s burnout and to identify which style contributes to the prevention/minimization of burnout levels in nurses. An integrative literature review was carried out with bibliography research in the databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL. The descriptors used were: Leadership, Burnout and Nurses and, the following limitations: articles published in the last 5 years, in free full text and in Portuguese, Spanish and English. A total of 3532 articles were found and only 7 articles were included, as they meet the objectives of the study and the inclusion criteria. It was concluded that the leadership styles used by Manager Nurses influence the development of burnout in nurses. Transformational leadership was the style that showed the most positive results and that can be used both to decrease levels and to prevent the development of this syndrome.
Burnout syndrome arises in response to progressive emotional stress, derived from the continuous perception of non-satisfaction of needs and expectations (Sousa et al., 2018). Nurses are daily exposed to different factors that contribute to the development of burnout such as workload, coexistence with suffering and death, lack of autonomy, conflicts and poor relationship between professionals, little recognition, among others (Vidotti et al., 2018). Nurse Managers have an impact on the organizational environment and through the leadership style they can influence the development of burnout in nurses (Nobre et al., 2019). There are several leadership styles: transformational, transactional, authentic, laissez-faire, autocratic, situational and charismatic. The objectives of this study are to understand the influence of the nurse manager´s leadership styles on nurse´s burnout and to identify which style contributes to the prevention/minimization of burnout levels in nurses. An integrative literature review was carried out with bibliography research in the databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL. The descriptors used were: Leadership, Burnout and Nurses and, the following limitations: articles published in the last 5 years, in free full text and in Portuguese, Spanish and English. A total of 3532 articles were found and only 7 articles were included, as they meet the objectives of the study and the inclusion criteria. It was concluded that the leadership styles used by Manager Nurses influence the development of burnout in nurses. Transformational leadership was the style that showed the most positive results and that can be used both to decrease levels and to prevent the development of this syndrome.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Liderança Burnout Enfermeiros gestores Enfermeiros Leadership Burnout Nurses managers Nurses