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Em busca do sorriso perfeito: fronteira entre mutilação e estética – uma revisão integrativa
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Abstract(s)
Histórica e antropologicamente sabemos das intervenções de diferentes sociedades e culturas sobre os dentes. O objetivo da alteração dos dentes era o de se conseguir uma estética culturalmente estabelecida. Ao longo do tempo, a busca de um ‘sorriso perfeito’, da beleza, de sentidos simbólicos, ou de diferenciação social, em diferentes culturas, fez com que se interviesse na aparência dos dentes, modificando-os.
O trabalho de investigação que se propõe visou entender como essa intervenção na alteração dos dentes, muitas vezes pela mutilação, tinha mais um objetivo estético e social, do que para melhorar a funcionalidade dos dentes. O impacto desta intervenção, com fins estéticos, sociais, na busca do ‘sorriso perfeito’, é relevante, seja nas consequências funcionais, na saúde oral, seja a nível ético.
Para a concretização desta pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão integrativa da bibliografia sobre o assunto. As principais conclusões da nossa pesquisa foram que, ao longo da história e das civilizações, a busca por um sorriso estético levou frequentemente a práticas invasivas que ultrapassam os limites da integridade dentária, revelando uma tensão constante entre os ideais de beleza, culturalmente estabelecidos, e os princípios éticos e funcionais da medicina dentária contemporânea.
Historically and anthropologically, we know that different societies and cultures have intervened in the appearance of teeth. The aim of altering teeth was to achieve an aesthetic ideal culturally established. Over time, the pursuit of the 'perfect smile', beauty, symbolic meanings, or social differentiation in various cultures led to modifications of the teeth. The proposed research aimed to understand how these dental alterations—often involving mutilation—were more oriented towards aesthetic and social goals than toward improving dental functionality. The impact of these interventions, driven by aesthetic and social motivations in the quest for the 'perfect smile', is significant, whether in terms of functional consequences, oral health, or ethical considerations. To carry out this research, the chosen methodology was an integrative review of the literature on the subject. The main conclusions of our study indicate that, throughout history and across civilizations, the pursuit of an aesthetic smile has often led to invasive practices that go beyond the boundaries of dental integrity, revealing a constant tension between ideals of beauty and the ethical and functional principles of contemporary dental medicine.
Historically and anthropologically, we know that different societies and cultures have intervened in the appearance of teeth. The aim of altering teeth was to achieve an aesthetic ideal culturally established. Over time, the pursuit of the 'perfect smile', beauty, symbolic meanings, or social differentiation in various cultures led to modifications of the teeth. The proposed research aimed to understand how these dental alterations—often involving mutilation—were more oriented towards aesthetic and social goals than toward improving dental functionality. The impact of these interventions, driven by aesthetic and social motivations in the quest for the 'perfect smile', is significant, whether in terms of functional consequences, oral health, or ethical considerations. To carry out this research, the chosen methodology was an integrative review of the literature on the subject. The main conclusions of our study indicate that, throughout history and across civilizations, the pursuit of an aesthetic smile has often led to invasive practices that go beyond the boundaries of dental integrity, revealing a constant tension between ideals of beauty and the ethical and functional principles of contemporary dental medicine.
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Keywords
Estética dentária Mutilação dentária Saúde oral Sorriso Beleza e saúde Normas estéticas Procedimentos invasivos Estética facial Etnodontologia Bioética Representações do sorriso Práticas culturais Ética dentária Dentisteria preventiva Influência das redes sociais Deontologia médica Responsabilidade profissional Dental aesthetics Dental mutilation Oral health Smile Beauty and health Aesthetic norms Invasive procedures Facial aesthetics Ethnodentistry Bioethics Representations of the smile Cultural practices Dental ethics Preventive dentistry Social media influence Medical deontology Professional responsibility