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Fatores associados ao consumo de substâncias ilícitas numa amostra de adolescentes de dois centros de estudo no grande Porto
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo foi realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Projeto de Graduação do 4º ano da Licenciatura em Enfermagem, da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa – Porto, intitulado por: “Fatores Associados ao Consumo de Substâncias Ilícitas numa Amostra de Adolescentes de Dois Centros de Estudo no Grande Porto”.
São considerados adolescentes todos os indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 19 anos, sendo que a adolescência se caracteriza pela procura de novas experiências e sensações, aquisição de novas capacidades, o que origina um adolescente autónomo e capaz de tomar as suas próprias decisões. Esta é considerada uma etapa mais vulnerável e propícia a adoção de comportamentos de risco e é importante ser estudada de forma a adotar as respetivas medidas de prevenção.
Um dos comportamentos de risco que os adolescentes podem adotar durante esta fase é o consumo de substâncias ilícitas. Este consumo provoca alterações no funcionamento do organismo, nomeadamente alterações a nível físico, mental e comportamental. O consumo de substâncias ilícitas na adolescência desenvolve riscos para a comunidade, dos quais a sua dependência física e psicológica.
De acordo com estudos realizados até à data, a prevalência de consumo de cannabis é cinco vezes superior à do consumo de outras substâncias e acontece mais frequentemente no sexo masculino. É de salientar, também, que o consumo de substâncias ilícitas tem vindo a aumentar ao longo dos anos.
O tipo de estudo aplicado neste Projeto de Graduação, trata-se de um estudo descritivo simples, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra em estudo é constituída por 60 adolescentes, residentes no Grande Porto e que frequentam estes centros de estudo.
Como instrumento de colheita de dados, foi utilizado um questionário da autoria de Negreiros (2010), constituído por duas partes. A primeira parte destina-se à aquisição da informação relativa à caraterização socio-demográfica e a segunda parte recolhe os dados relativos ao consumo de substâncias ilícitas nos adolescentes que estudam nestes dois centros de estudo em questão.
A amostra é constituída por 60 adolescentes, que são maioritariamente do género feminino, com um total de 53,33% (n=32) dos inquiridos. Os inquiridos possuem idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 17 anos de idade.
Conforme os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, é possível afirmar que a maior parte dos inquiridos já consumiu algum tipo de substâncias ilícitas, nomeadamente a cannabis que inclui 33,33% (n=20) da amostra. Posto isto, verificou-se que a idade padrão do início do consumo decorre aos 17 anos ou mais, com 67,74% (n=21) da amostra, mas há adolescentes a iniciar o seu consumo ainda mais cedo, aos 15 anos, tal como foi possível averiguar.
Em termos de intervenção na adolescência para este padrão de consumo é implementada a educação para a saúde, nomeadamente nas escolas.
This study was carried out within the curricular unit of the Graduation Project of the 4th year of the Nursing Degree, from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University - Porto, entitled: “Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Substances in a Sample of Adolescents from Two Study Centers in Greater Porto”. Adolescents are considered to be all individuals aged between 10 and 19 years, and adolescence is characterized by the search for new experiences and sensations, the acquisition of new skills, which gives rise to an autonomous adolescent capable of making his own decisions. This is considered a more vulnerable stage and conducive to the adoption of risky behaviors and it is important to be studied in order to adopt the respective preventive measures. One of the risk behaviors that adolescents may adopt during this phase is the consumption of illegal substances. This consumption causes changes in the functioning of the organism, namely changes in physical, mental and behavioral levels. The consumption of illegal substances in adolescence develops risks for the community, including their physical and psychological dependence. According to studies carried out to date, the prevalence of cannabis use is five times higher than that of other substances and occurs more frequently in males. It should also be noted that the consumption of illegal substances has been increasing over the years. The type of study applied in this Graduation Project, is a simple, transversal and quantitative approach. The study sample is made up of 60 adolescents, residing in Greater Porto and who attend these study centers. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire by Negreiros (2010) was used, consisting of two parts. The first part is intended for the acquisition of information related to sociodemographic characteristics and the second part collects data on the consumption of illegal substances in the adolescents who study in these two study centers in question. The sample consists of 60 adolescents, who are mostly female, with a total of 53.33% (n= 32) of respondents. Respondents are aged between 11 and 17 years old. According to the results obtained in the present study, it is possible to state that most of the respondents have already consumed some type of illegal substances, namely cannabis, which includes 33.33% (n = 20) of the sample. That said, it was found that the standard age of onset of consumption occurs at 17 years of age or older, with 67.74% (n = 21) of the sample, but there are adolescents starting their consumption even earlier, at 15, as it was possible to ascertain. In terms of intervention in adolescence for this consumption pattern, health education is implemented, namely in schools.
This study was carried out within the curricular unit of the Graduation Project of the 4th year of the Nursing Degree, from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University - Porto, entitled: “Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Substances in a Sample of Adolescents from Two Study Centers in Greater Porto”. Adolescents are considered to be all individuals aged between 10 and 19 years, and adolescence is characterized by the search for new experiences and sensations, the acquisition of new skills, which gives rise to an autonomous adolescent capable of making his own decisions. This is considered a more vulnerable stage and conducive to the adoption of risky behaviors and it is important to be studied in order to adopt the respective preventive measures. One of the risk behaviors that adolescents may adopt during this phase is the consumption of illegal substances. This consumption causes changes in the functioning of the organism, namely changes in physical, mental and behavioral levels. The consumption of illegal substances in adolescence develops risks for the community, including their physical and psychological dependence. According to studies carried out to date, the prevalence of cannabis use is five times higher than that of other substances and occurs more frequently in males. It should also be noted that the consumption of illegal substances has been increasing over the years. The type of study applied in this Graduation Project, is a simple, transversal and quantitative approach. The study sample is made up of 60 adolescents, residing in Greater Porto and who attend these study centers. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire by Negreiros (2010) was used, consisting of two parts. The first part is intended for the acquisition of information related to sociodemographic characteristics and the second part collects data on the consumption of illegal substances in the adolescents who study in these two study centers in question. The sample consists of 60 adolescents, who are mostly female, with a total of 53.33% (n= 32) of respondents. Respondents are aged between 11 and 17 years old. According to the results obtained in the present study, it is possible to state that most of the respondents have already consumed some type of illegal substances, namely cannabis, which includes 33.33% (n = 20) of the sample. That said, it was found that the standard age of onset of consumption occurs at 17 years of age or older, with 67.74% (n = 21) of the sample, but there are adolescents starting their consumption even earlier, at 15, as it was possible to ascertain. In terms of intervention in adolescence for this consumption pattern, health education is implemented, namely in schools.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Adolescência Consumo Substâncias ilícitas Centros de estudo Dependência Educação para a saúde Adolescence Consumption Illicit substances Study centers Addiction Health education