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Cartografiando el discurso anti migratorio: un análisis comparado de los marcos discursivos en Chega, Vox y AfD
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Esta investigación analiza los marcos discursivos anti inmigratorios de Chega (Portugal), Vox (España) y Alternativa für [Deutschaland] (AfD, Alemania) entre 2019 y 2024, a partir del análisis de sus programas electorales, spots de campaña y publicaciones en redes sociales. El estudio confirma la existencia de un núcleo nativista común a los tres partidos, presenta la inmigración como una amenaza multidimensional (para la identidad, la seguridad, el bienestar socioeconómico y la soberanía), se articula a través de un repertorio transnacional donde se incluye el argumento del fracaso del multicultural y la polarización el “el pueblo” y las “elites supranacionales”. Sin embargo, las estrategias de legitimación varían según el contexto nacional. Vox recurre a una retórica históricamente [explicita], con bases en el catolicismo nacional y la Reconquista. La AfD disfraza su postura excluyente con un lenguaje pseudoconstitucional para evadir el tabú después de la época Nazi del nacionalismo étnico. Chega sigue una estrategia establecida en sus documentos oficiales reservando la [retorica] [explicitada] basada en la identidad para las redes sociales. Chega emplea una estrategia entre sus documentos oficiales y sus redes sociales, en la última es donde reserva la explicitud identitaria para las redes sociales. El hallazgo más relevante es la doble arquitectura discursiva de Chega: mientras sus programas electorales evitan el lenguaje racial justificándose acerca de la soberanía y gestión de recursos, mientras en redes sociales el partido recurre abiertamente a la teoría de la sustitución poblacional y la islamofobia.
La investigación concluye que el crecimiento electoral sostenido de estos partidos no se explica por su coherencia ideológica, sino por su capacidad de adaptación hacia las memorias [históricos], las culturas políticas y las oportunidades de discursos que se presentan en Portugal, España y Alemania.
This study analyzes the anti-immigration discursive frameworks of Chega (Portugal), Vox (Spain), and Alternativa für Deutschland (AfD, Germany) between 2019 and 2024, based on an analysis of their electoral platforms, campaign ads, and social media posts. The study confirms the existence of a common nativist core shared by all three parties, which portrays immigration as a multidimensional threat (to identity, security, socioeconomic well-being, and sovereignty) and is articulated through a transnational repertoire that includes the argument of the failure of multiculturalism and the polarization between “the people” and “supranational elites.” However, legitimation strategies vary according to the national context. Vox resorts to historically explicit rhetoric, rooted in national Catholicism and the Reconquista. The AfD disguises its exclusionary stance with pseudo-constitutional language to circumvent the post-Nazi taboo surrounding ethnic nationalism. Chega follows a strategy outlined in its official documents, reserving explicit identity-based rhetoric for social media. Chega employs a strategy that bridges its official documents and social media, with the latter being the platform where it reserves explicit identity-based rhetoric. The most significant finding is Chega’s dual discursive architecture: while its electoral platforms avoid racial language by invoking sovereignty and resource management, on social media the party openly resorts to population replacement theory and Islamophobia. The research concludes that the sustained electoral growth of these parties is not explained by their ideological coherence, but rather by their ability to adapt to historical memories, political cultures, and the opportunities for discourse that arise in Portugal, Spain, and Germany.
This study analyzes the anti-immigration discursive frameworks of Chega (Portugal), Vox (Spain), and Alternativa für Deutschland (AfD, Germany) between 2019 and 2024, based on an analysis of their electoral platforms, campaign ads, and social media posts. The study confirms the existence of a common nativist core shared by all three parties, which portrays immigration as a multidimensional threat (to identity, security, socioeconomic well-being, and sovereignty) and is articulated through a transnational repertoire that includes the argument of the failure of multiculturalism and the polarization between “the people” and “supranational elites.” However, legitimation strategies vary according to the national context. Vox resorts to historically explicit rhetoric, rooted in national Catholicism and the Reconquista. The AfD disguises its exclusionary stance with pseudo-constitutional language to circumvent the post-Nazi taboo surrounding ethnic nationalism. Chega follows a strategy outlined in its official documents, reserving explicit identity-based rhetoric for social media. Chega employs a strategy that bridges its official documents and social media, with the latter being the platform where it reserves explicit identity-based rhetoric. The most significant finding is Chega’s dual discursive architecture: while its electoral platforms avoid racial language by invoking sovereignty and resource management, on social media the party openly resorts to population replacement theory and Islamophobia. The research concludes that the sustained electoral growth of these parties is not explained by their ideological coherence, but rather by their ability to adapt to historical memories, political cultures, and the opportunities for discourse that arise in Portugal, Spain, and Germany.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais.
Palavras-chave
Derecha radical populista Nativismo Discurso antimigrantorio Análisis crítico del discurso Chega Vox AfD Populist radical right Nativism Anti-immigration discourse Critical discourse analysis
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[s.n.]