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Pessoas idosas institucionalizadas e seus graus de (in)satisfação pessoal
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Nos últimos anos, tem-se verificado na sociedade portuguesa um aumento progressivo da institucionalização de pessoas idosas. Ao entrar para uma instituição, pessoa idosa é levada a viver num novo ambiente, não raras vezes, enfrentando algumas alterações na conservação da sua individualidade, facto que poderá potenciar, em jeito de rejeição e/ou proteção, um processo de isolamento e níveis elevados de insatisfação pessoal. Mas, há que reconhecê-lo, nem sempre assim acontece. As alterações verificadas nas estruturas familiares, as razões que levam ao internamento e ainda as relações e formas de ocupação dos tempos livres têm sido variáveis apontadas por vários investigadores como determinantes na satisfação pessoal dos Idosos. Deste modo, o estudo que aqui se apresenta procura aferir a (in) satisfação pessoal de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas em função de diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas e psicossociais (e.g., sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, situação económica, tipo de reforma).
O modelo de investigação adotado é do tipo quantitativo, tendo participado no estudo 55 pessoas idosas. O instrumento de colheita de dados utilizado, inquérito por questionário, integrou os grupos: Caraterização Socio-Demográfica, Fatores Situacionais e Atividades de Lazer.
A população estudada é maioritariamente feminina, com idades superiores aos 80 anos, sendo predominantemente solteiros. Trata-se de pessoas iletradas, reformadas por velhice, possuindo recursos económicos baixos. Estão na instituição, maioritariamente, por iniciativa de familiares. Na sua maioria são bastante autónomos e no que diz respeito às atividades de lazer, as mais praticadas são: “ver televisão”, “passear”, “conversar com os amigos” e “ouvir música”. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o grau de satisfação pessoal dos idosos participantes é elevado.
In the last few years, it has been noticed an increase in elderly people’s institutionalization, in Portuguese society. By entering into an institution, elder people are taken into a new environment, frequently facing some changes in the preservation of their individuality, fact that can raise, as a means of rejection and/or protection, a process of isolation and high levels of personnel dissatisfaction. However, one must recognize, that this isn’t always so. The observed changes in family structures, the reasons that take to the confinement and also the relations and forms of leisure occupation have been variables pointed by investigators as decisive marks in the satisfaction of elderly people. In this way, the study presented here, tries to calibrate the levels of (dis)satisfaction of the elderly people institutionalized in function of different sociodemographic and psychosocial variables (e.g. gender, age, marital status, scholarity, economic situation, kind of retirement). The selected model of investigation is of the quantitative type, having participated 55 elderly people. The instrument used to pick up the data, inquiries by questionnaire, included the following groups: sociodemographic characterization; situational factors and leisure activities. The studied population is largely feminine, with ages above eighties, being mostly single. They are illiterate people with low incomes. They are institutionalized, in their majority by their relatives’ initiative. The majority of them are quite autonomous and, in what concerns the leisure activities, the most practiced are: “watching TV”; ”go for a walk”; “chat with friends”; and “listen to music”. The obtained results suggest that the level of the participant elderly people’s personnel satisfaction is high.
In the last few years, it has been noticed an increase in elderly people’s institutionalization, in Portuguese society. By entering into an institution, elder people are taken into a new environment, frequently facing some changes in the preservation of their individuality, fact that can raise, as a means of rejection and/or protection, a process of isolation and high levels of personnel dissatisfaction. However, one must recognize, that this isn’t always so. The observed changes in family structures, the reasons that take to the confinement and also the relations and forms of leisure occupation have been variables pointed by investigators as decisive marks in the satisfaction of elderly people. In this way, the study presented here, tries to calibrate the levels of (dis)satisfaction of the elderly people institutionalized in function of different sociodemographic and psychosocial variables (e.g. gender, age, marital status, scholarity, economic situation, kind of retirement). The selected model of investigation is of the quantitative type, having participated 55 elderly people. The instrument used to pick up the data, inquiries by questionnaire, included the following groups: sociodemographic characterization; situational factors and leisure activities. The studied population is largely feminine, with ages above eighties, being mostly single. They are illiterate people with low incomes. They are institutionalized, in their majority by their relatives’ initiative. The majority of them are quite autonomous and, in what concerns the leisure activities, the most practiced are: “watching TV”; ”go for a walk”; “chat with friends”; and “listen to music”. The obtained results suggest that the level of the participant elderly people’s personnel satisfaction is high.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau Licenciado em Serviço Social.
Palavras-chave
Pessoas idosas Institucionalização Satisfação pessoal Elderly people Institutionalization Personnel satisfaction