Publication
O tribunal do júri no Brasil: polêmicas, imperfeições e propostas para reformulação do modelo à luz da garantia constitucional
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O alvo desta dissertação de Mestrado é a promíscua relação entre a mídia e o direito penal e as atenções do estudo estão concentradas no modelo do Tribunal do Júri no Brasil. Aqui, serão tratados sua origem, sua evolução histórica, a morfologia do instituto, bem como o confronto entre a legislação processual penal brasileira, que traça o desenho do procedimento, e a garantia constitucional de intervenção do júri no julgamento dos crimes dolosos contra a vida.
A proposta que aqui se lança visa identificar as principais imperfeições observadas na estrutura desta forma de julgamento democrático, a fim de verificar se, nas situações que envolvem crimes graves, de grande repercussão no cenário nacional, e maciçamente explorados pela mídia, a exposição excessiva do caso pode interferir na imparcialidade que se espera do jurado.
Em consequência do problema verificado, o objetivo é saber se o acusado teria o direito de optar por outra forma de julgamento, caso seus julgadores estejam contaminados pela influência midiática lançada sobre o caso e impermeáveis à análise objetiva da prova, nos limites do processo, tendo em vista que a garantia constitucional do julgamento pelo júri não pode operar-se contra o garantido, que é justamente destinatário desta proteção.
A previsão constitucional de competência do júri está estabelecida em cláusula pétrea, no texto constitucional. Desta forma, identificados os problemas relacionados à eventual parcialidade dos julgadores, deve-se buscar uma solução eficaz e que, ao mesmo tempo, não esbarre na rigidez da cláusula constitucional.
Para confirmar as hipóteses lançadas, a parte teórica é seguida de um estudo empírico que trata de um caso recente, ocorrido no Brasil e amplamente explorado pelos veículos de comunicação em massa, a fim de verificar se as decisões de potenciais jurados ocorrem com a necessária isenção. Os resultados obtidos são convergentes com as hipóteses lançadas no início do trabalho.
The aim of this Master's dissertation is the promiscuous relationship between the media and criminal persecution in high profile crimes. The attentions of the study are focused on the Jury Court model in Brazil. Here, its origin, its historical evolution, the morphology of the institute will be treated, as well as the confrontation between the Brazilian criminal procedural legislation - which traces it as a procedure - and the constitutional clauses that establishes the Jury as a guarantee applied in the trials of intentional crimes against life. The proposal launched here aims to identify the main imperfections observed in the structure of this form of democratic judgment, in order to verify whether, in situations involving major crimes, of great popular repercussion in the national scenario, and massively exploited by the media, the excessive exposure of the crime may interfere with the impartiality expected of the jurors. As a result of the problem, the objective is to know if the accused would have the right to choose another form of judgment, if he believes that the members of the jury are contaminated by the media influence on the case and, cause that, the jurors would be resistant to to the objective analysis of the evidence. This would be justified cause the due process of law, and taking for granted that the constitutional guarantee of trial by the jury cannot operate against the guarantor, which is the rightful recipient of this protection. The constitutional provision of jury competence is set out in a stone clause in the brazilian constitutional text. Thus, identifying the problems related to the eventual bias of the judges, an effective solution must be sought and that solution must be in perfect harmony with the rigidity of the constitutional clause that intitutes the trial by jury. To confirm the hypotheses, the theoretical part is followed by an empirical study that deals with a recent case, occurred in Brazil and widely explored by the mass media, in order to verify if the decisions of potential jurors occur with the necessary exemption. The results obtained are convergent with the hypotheses presented at the beginning of the work.
The aim of this Master's dissertation is the promiscuous relationship between the media and criminal persecution in high profile crimes. The attentions of the study are focused on the Jury Court model in Brazil. Here, its origin, its historical evolution, the morphology of the institute will be treated, as well as the confrontation between the Brazilian criminal procedural legislation - which traces it as a procedure - and the constitutional clauses that establishes the Jury as a guarantee applied in the trials of intentional crimes against life. The proposal launched here aims to identify the main imperfections observed in the structure of this form of democratic judgment, in order to verify whether, in situations involving major crimes, of great popular repercussion in the national scenario, and massively exploited by the media, the excessive exposure of the crime may interfere with the impartiality expected of the jurors. As a result of the problem, the objective is to know if the accused would have the right to choose another form of judgment, if he believes that the members of the jury are contaminated by the media influence on the case and, cause that, the jurors would be resistant to to the objective analysis of the evidence. This would be justified cause the due process of law, and taking for granted that the constitutional guarantee of trial by the jury cannot operate against the guarantor, which is the rightful recipient of this protection. The constitutional provision of jury competence is set out in a stone clause in the brazilian constitutional text. Thus, identifying the problems related to the eventual bias of the judges, an effective solution must be sought and that solution must be in perfect harmony with the rigidity of the constitutional clause that intitutes the trial by jury. To confirm the hypotheses, the theoretical part is followed by an empirical study that deals with a recent case, occurred in Brazil and widely explored by the mass media, in order to verify if the decisions of potential jurors occur with the necessary exemption. The results obtained are convergent with the hypotheses presented at the beginning of the work.
Description
Keywords
Brasil Júri Jurado Mídia Imparcialidade Garantia Procedimento Direito de escolha Brazil Jury Juror Media Impartiality Guarantee Procedure Right of choice