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Cancro oral do diagnóstico ao tratamento e o papel do médico dentista: revisão de escopo
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| Projeto de pós-graduação_40883 | 721.96 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Introdução: O cancro oral é um problema de saúde pública de grande relevância, sendo o 16° tipo de cancro mais frequente, com uma taxa de mortalidade elevada, principalmente devido ao diagnóstico tardio e à intervenção insuficiente em estágios iniciais. O papel do médico dentista é essencial nesse processo, pois ele é frequentemente o primeiro profissional a identificar essas lesões e a encaminhar os pacientes para um tratamento adequado. O tratamento dos pacientes com cancro oral, envolve uma abordagem multidisciplinar, uma vez que a cirurgia constitui um elemento central do tratamento.
Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão escopo sobre as várias etapas de manuseio do cancro oral, desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento, destacando o papel das intervenções cirúrgicas e a colaboração interdisciplinar.
Métodos: A pesquisa foi conduzida com base na metodologia do Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) aplicando a estrutura PCC (População, Conceito, Contexto) e seguindo as recomendações do checklist PRISMA-ScR para garantir a transparência e reprodutibilidade do processo de seleção. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Cochrane, abrangendo artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos em português, inglês ou francês.
Resultados: Conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão aplicados obtiveram-se um total de 19 artigos.
Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam a importância da inspeção sistemática da cavidade oral, da palpação extra oral e da realização de biópsias diante de lesões suspeitas. A biópsia incisional permanece como o padrão-ouro no diagnóstico definitivo, embora técnicas complementares possam ser utilizadas. Observa-se também a necessidade de maior integração do médico dentista na equipa multidisciplinar responsável pela abordagem cirúrgica do paciente oncológico. Esta revisão reforça a importância da formação contínua dos profissionais de medicina dentária, visando fortalecer o seu papel na prevenção, deteção precoce e apoio terapêutico no contexto do cancro oral.
Introduction: Oral cancer is a major public health concern, ranking as the 16th most common type of cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate primarily due to late diagnosis and insufficient early-stage intervention. The dentist plays a crucial role in this process as they are often the first healthcare professional to identify such lesions and refer patients for appropriate treatment. Managing patients with oral cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach with surgery being a central element of care. Objective: To conduct a scoping review on the various stages of oral cancer management from diagnosis to treatment with a focus on surgical interventions and interdisciplinary collaboration. Methods: This study followed the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), applying the PCC framework (Population, Concept, Context) and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR checklist to ensure transparency and reproducibility of the selection process. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases including articles published in the last five years in Portuguese, English, or French. Results: A total of 19 articles were included based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of systematic oral cavity examination, extraoral palpation, and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Incisional biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, although complementary techniques may be employed. There is also a clear need for greater integration of dentists into the multidisciplinary teams managing oncologic patients. This review underscores the importance of continuous professional education in dentistry to strengthen the role of the dentist in prevention, early detection, and therapeutic support in the context of oral cancer.
Introduction: Oral cancer is a major public health concern, ranking as the 16th most common type of cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate primarily due to late diagnosis and insufficient early-stage intervention. The dentist plays a crucial role in this process as they are often the first healthcare professional to identify such lesions and refer patients for appropriate treatment. Managing patients with oral cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach with surgery being a central element of care. Objective: To conduct a scoping review on the various stages of oral cancer management from diagnosis to treatment with a focus on surgical interventions and interdisciplinary collaboration. Methods: This study followed the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), applying the PCC framework (Population, Concept, Context) and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR checklist to ensure transparency and reproducibility of the selection process. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases including articles published in the last five years in Portuguese, English, or French. Results: A total of 19 articles were included based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of systematic oral cavity examination, extraoral palpation, and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Incisional biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, although complementary techniques may be employed. There is also a clear need for greater integration of dentists into the multidisciplinary teams managing oncologic patients. This review underscores the importance of continuous professional education in dentistry to strengthen the role of the dentist in prevention, early detection, and therapeutic support in the context of oral cancer.
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Neoplasia Carcinoma espinocelular Cancro oral Diagnóstico Biópsia oral Técnicas cirúrgicas cancro oral Neoplasm Squamous cell carcinoma Oral cancer Diagnosis Oral biopsy Surgical techniques oral cancer