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A fibrose cística é uma doença genética autossómica recessiva causada por mutações no gene CFTR, que afeta predominantemente os sistemas respiratório e digestivo. Nas últimas décadas, os avanços no diagnóstico precoce e nas abordagens terapêuticas permitiram um aumento significativo da esperança média de vida destes doentes, tornando a fibrose cística uma doença crónica que exige acompanhamento multidisciplinar contínuo. Neste contexto, a saúde oral assume crescente relevância, uma vez que as manifestações sistémicas da doença e as terapêuticas prolongadas podem influenciar a cavidade oral e condicionar os tratamentos médico-dentários. Desta forma, o objetivo da presente revisão de escopo foi analisar a evidência científica disponível relativamente ao impacto da fibrose cística na cavidade oral e nos tratamentos médico-dentários. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Medline, com identificação adicional de estudos através de pesquisa por citação, utilizando palavras-chave relacionadas com fibrose cística, saúde oral e tratamento dentário. A questão de investigação que orientou esta revisão foi: Qual é o impacto da fibrose cística na cavidade oral e nos tratamentos médico-dentários?. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 22 artigos para inclusão nesta revisão. Embora os resultados sejam heterogéneos, a análise dos estudos demonstra que a fibrose cística está associada a alterações específicas da cavidade oral. Em populações pediátricas, vários estudos reportaram menor prevalência de cárie dentária, frequentemente associada ao uso prolongado de antibioterapia. Em contraste, estudos realizados em adultos sugerem maior prevalência de cárie não tratada e piores desfechos de saúde oral. Foi também observada uma maior prevalência de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte e alterações salivares. Conclui-se que a fibrose cística pode ter um impacto relevante na saúde oral, exigindo uma abordagem médico-dentária individualizada, centrada na prevenção, monitorização regular e adaptação dos cuidados às necessidades específicas de cada doente. São necessários estudos futuros com metodologias mais robustas e avaliação padronizada, de forma a clarificar melhor a relação entre fibrose cística e saúde oral.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, predominantly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. Over recent decades, advances in early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches have significantly increased life expectancy, making cystic fibrosis a chronic condition requiring continuous multidisciplinary care. In this context, oral health has become increasingly relevant, as the systemic manifestations of the disease and prolonged therapies may influence the oral cavity and affect dental management. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to analyse the available scientific evidence regarding the impact of cystic fibrosis on the oral cavity and dental treatments. A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Medline databases, with additional studies identified through citation searching, using keywords related to cystic fibrosis, oral health, and dental treatment. The research question guiding this review was: What is the impact of cystic fibrosis on the oral cavity and dental treatments?. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were included in this review. Although findings remain heterogeneous, the analysis of the selected studies suggests that cystic fibrosis is associated with specific oral changes. In paediatric populations, several studies reported a lower prevalence of dental caries, frequently associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy. In contrast, studies involving adults suggest a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries and poorer oral health outcomes. A higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects was also observed, as well as salivary alterations. In conclusion, cystic fibrosis may have a relevant impact on oral health, requiring an individualized dental approach focused on prevention, regular monitoring, and adaptation of care to each patient’s specific needs. Further studies with more robust methodologies and standardized assessment are needed to better clarify the relationship between cystic fibrosis and oral health.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, predominantly affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. Over recent decades, advances in early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches have significantly increased life expectancy, making cystic fibrosis a chronic condition requiring continuous multidisciplinary care. In this context, oral health has become increasingly relevant, as the systemic manifestations of the disease and prolonged therapies may influence the oral cavity and affect dental management. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to analyse the available scientific evidence regarding the impact of cystic fibrosis on the oral cavity and dental treatments. A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Medline databases, with additional studies identified through citation searching, using keywords related to cystic fibrosis, oral health, and dental treatment. The research question guiding this review was: What is the impact of cystic fibrosis on the oral cavity and dental treatments?. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were included in this review. Although findings remain heterogeneous, the analysis of the selected studies suggests that cystic fibrosis is associated with specific oral changes. In paediatric populations, several studies reported a lower prevalence of dental caries, frequently associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy. In contrast, studies involving adults suggest a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries and poorer oral health outcomes. A higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects was also observed, as well as salivary alterations. In conclusion, cystic fibrosis may have a relevant impact on oral health, requiring an individualized dental approach focused on prevention, regular monitoring, and adaptation of care to each patient’s specific needs. Further studies with more robust methodologies and standardized assessment are needed to better clarify the relationship between cystic fibrosis and oral health.
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Palavras-chave
Fibrose cística Saúde oral Tratamento dentário Saliva Cárie dentária Defeitos do esmalte Cystic fibrosis Oral health Dental treatment Dental caries Enamel defects