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A psicologia positiva na procura da felicidade: promoção do flourishing na população portuguesa e proposta de intervenção com base na acceptance and commitment therapy
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Abstract(s)
Com o passar dos anos e com a evolução da Psicologia enquanto ciência humana e social, tem-se vindo a denotar um crescente aprimoramento das terapias e técnicas utilizadas na avaliação e intervenção psicológicas. A procura crescente de apoio psicológico para tratamento de perturbações mentais tem levado a que o foco principal dos psicólogos incida na avaliação, intervenção e prevenção das mesmas, minimizando a importância dos seus outros papéis, como a promoção da felicidade e bem-estar, assim como a promoção do florescimento dos indivíduos e populações.
A saúde mental é um estado de bem-estar em que cada indivíduo realiza o seu próprio potencial, consegue lidar com o stress normal da vida, trabalha de forma produtiva e frutuosa e é capaz de contribuir para a sua comunidade, não se verificando com apenas ausência de perturbação mental. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação de mestrado, dividida em dois capítulos, pretende consciencializar e despertar atenção para a importância da promoção da felicidade, bem-estar e do flourishing tanto individual como em comunidade. Desta forma, o primeiro capítulo consiste numa revisão sistemática da literatura que aborda a multiculturalidade, religião e diferentes perspetivas acerca da felicidade, revelando uma correlação negativa entre externalização da felicidade e o flourishing e entre o medo da felicidade e o flourishing, em populações ocidentais, mas também em algumas não ocidentais.
O segundo capítulo do presente trabalho consiste no estudo empírico realizado, integrado no projeto da Prof. Doutora Isabel Silva, Prof. Doutora Glória Jólluskin e Prof. Erick Messias na Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Com base no questionário em formato eletrónico da Adaptação da Escala de Florescimento para a População Portuguesa de Silva, Jólluskin e Messias, o estudo contou com a participação de 501 indivíduos portugueses e teve como objetivo classificar e situar e população portuguesa num estadio de saúde mental. Concluiu-se que a população portuguesa global encontra-se no estadio de saúde mental moderada, dos quais indivíduos entre os 45 e os 54 anos de idade fazem parte da faixa etária com maior percentagem em florescimento humano.
É imperativo repensar o papel do psicólogo, não se cingindo à avaliação, intervenção e prevenção, mas contemplando também a promoção da felicidade e bem-estar através de programas desenhados especificamente para esse fim. Para isso, a presente dissertação de mestrado procura dar um contributo que se espera útil nessa reflexão, apresentando um programa desenhado com base na Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, que visa a promoção de saúde mental positiva com níveis elevados de bem-estar emocional, social e psicológico.
Over the years and with the evolution of Psychology as a human and social science, there has been a growing improvement in therapies and techniques used in psychological assessment and intervention. The growing demand for psychological support for the treatment of mental disorders has led psychologists to focus on their assessment, intervention and prevention, minimizing the importance of their other roles, such as promoting happiness and well-being of individuals and populations. Mental health is a state of well-being in which each individual realizes their own potential, manages to deal with the normal stresses of life, works productively and fruitfully and is able to contribute to their community, meaning that this concept is not just the absence of mental disorder. In this sense, this master's thesis, divided into two chapters, intends to raise awareness and attention to the importance of promoting happiness, well-being and flourishing both individually and in community. Thus, the first chapter consists of an integrative literature review that addresses multiculturalism, religion and different perspectives on happiness, revealing a negative correlation between externalization of happiness and flourishing and between fear of happiness and flourishing in western populations, but also in some non-western ones. The second chapter of this work consists of the empirical study carried out, integrated in the project of Prof. Isabel Silva, Prof. Doctor Gloria Jólluskin and Prof. Erick Messias at Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Based on the electronic format of the questionnaire Adaptation of the Flowering Scale for the Portuguese Population by Silva, Jólluskin and Messias, the study included the participation of 501 Portuguese individuals and aimed to classify and situate the portuguese population in one stage of mental health. It was concluded that the global portuguese population is at the stage of moderate mental health, of which individuals between 45 and 54 years old are part of the age group with the highest percentage of human flourishing. It is imperative to rethink the role of the psychologist, not limited to assessment, intervention and prevention, but to the promotion of happiness and well-being through programs designed specifically for this purpose. For that, this master's thesis presents a program designed based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which aims to promote positive mental health with high levels of emotional, social and psychological well-being.
Over the years and with the evolution of Psychology as a human and social science, there has been a growing improvement in therapies and techniques used in psychological assessment and intervention. The growing demand for psychological support for the treatment of mental disorders has led psychologists to focus on their assessment, intervention and prevention, minimizing the importance of their other roles, such as promoting happiness and well-being of individuals and populations. Mental health is a state of well-being in which each individual realizes their own potential, manages to deal with the normal stresses of life, works productively and fruitfully and is able to contribute to their community, meaning that this concept is not just the absence of mental disorder. In this sense, this master's thesis, divided into two chapters, intends to raise awareness and attention to the importance of promoting happiness, well-being and flourishing both individually and in community. Thus, the first chapter consists of an integrative literature review that addresses multiculturalism, religion and different perspectives on happiness, revealing a negative correlation between externalization of happiness and flourishing and between fear of happiness and flourishing in western populations, but also in some non-western ones. The second chapter of this work consists of the empirical study carried out, integrated in the project of Prof. Isabel Silva, Prof. Doctor Gloria Jólluskin and Prof. Erick Messias at Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Based on the electronic format of the questionnaire Adaptation of the Flowering Scale for the Portuguese Population by Silva, Jólluskin and Messias, the study included the participation of 501 Portuguese individuals and aimed to classify and situate the portuguese population in one stage of mental health. It was concluded that the global portuguese population is at the stage of moderate mental health, of which individuals between 45 and 54 years old are part of the age group with the highest percentage of human flourishing. It is imperative to rethink the role of the psychologist, not limited to assessment, intervention and prevention, but to the promotion of happiness and well-being through programs designed specifically for this purpose. For that, this master's thesis presents a program designed based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which aims to promote positive mental health with high levels of emotional, social and psychological well-being.
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Keywords
Saúde mental Felicidade Bem-estar Florescimento Acceptance and commitment therapy Mental health Happiness Well-being Flourishing