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O presente trabalho analisa o impacto da adoção de tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial (IA) na melhoria da eficiência operacional das Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME), com particular enfoque no contexto português. As PME constituem a espinha dorsal do tecido empresarial europeu e nacional, sendo responsáveis por aproximadamente 99% das empresas e por mais de dois terços do emprego no setor privado. Apesar da sua importância económica e social, estas organizações enfrentam desafios estruturais significativos que condicionam a sua capacidade de inovar e de adotar tecnologias avançadas, nomeadamente restrições financeiras, escassez de recursos humanos especializados e resistência interna à mudança. A IA surge, neste contexto, como uma oportunidade estratégica de nivelamento competitivo, permitindo que empresas de menor dimensão alcancem níveis de eficiência operacional comparáveis aos das grandes organizações, através da automação de processos repetitivos, da análise preditiva, da personalização do atendimento ao cliente e da otimização da cadeia de abastecimento. Metodologicamente, o estudo adota uma abordagem mista, combinando a revisão sistemática da literatura com uma componente empírica de natureza quantitativa, assente na aplicação de um questionário estruturado dirigido a gestores de PME portuguesas. O enquadramento teórico abrange os principais conceitos de IA e a sua evolução histórica, as aplicações nas organizações, o conceito de eficiência operacional, a caracterização das PME e os desafios da transformação digital, bem como os benefícios e as limitações da adoção de IA neste segmento empresarial. Os resultados esperados visam identificar os principais benefícios percebidos pelos gestores, os obstáculos mais frequentemente encontrados e as áreas de maior impacto da IA na eficiência operacional das PME, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de recomendações práticas que apoiem decisores empresariais, académicos e políticos no processo de digitalização e modernização do tecido empresarial português.
This study analyses the impact of adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on improving the operational efficiency of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on the Portuguese context. SMEs form the backbone of the European and national business landscape, accounting for approximately 99% of all businesses and more than two-thirds of private-sector employment. Despite their economic and social importance, these organisations face significant structural challenges that limit their ability to innovate and adopt advanced technologies, namely financial constraints, a shortage of skilled human resources and internal resistance to change. In this context, AI emerges as a strategic opportunity for levelling the competitive playing field, enabling smaller firms to achieve levels of operational efficiency comparable to those of large organisations, through the automation of repetitive processes, predictive analytics, personalised customer service and supply chain optimisation. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic literature review with a quantitative empirical component, based on the administration of a structured questionnaire to managers of Portuguese SMEs. The theoretical framework covers the main concepts of AI and its historical development, its applications within organisations, the concept of operational efficiency, the characteristics of SMEs and the challenges of digital transformation, as well as the benefits and limitations of adopting AI in this business sector. The expected results aim to identify the main benefits perceived by managers, the most frequently encountered obstacles, and the areas where AI has the greatest impact on the operational efficiency of SMEs, contributing to the development of practical recommendations to support business, academic and political decision-makers in the process of digitising and modernising the Portuguese business sector.
This study analyses the impact of adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on improving the operational efficiency of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on the Portuguese context. SMEs form the backbone of the European and national business landscape, accounting for approximately 99% of all businesses and more than two-thirds of private-sector employment. Despite their economic and social importance, these organisations face significant structural challenges that limit their ability to innovate and adopt advanced technologies, namely financial constraints, a shortage of skilled human resources and internal resistance to change. In this context, AI emerges as a strategic opportunity for levelling the competitive playing field, enabling smaller firms to achieve levels of operational efficiency comparable to those of large organisations, through the automation of repetitive processes, predictive analytics, personalised customer service and supply chain optimisation. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic literature review with a quantitative empirical component, based on the administration of a structured questionnaire to managers of Portuguese SMEs. The theoretical framework covers the main concepts of AI and its historical development, its applications within organisations, the concept of operational efficiency, the characteristics of SMEs and the challenges of digital transformation, as well as the benefits and limitations of adopting AI in this business sector. The expected results aim to identify the main benefits perceived by managers, the most frequently encountered obstacles, and the areas where AI has the greatest impact on the operational efficiency of SMEs, contributing to the development of practical recommendations to support business, academic and political decision-makers in the process of digitising and modernising the Portuguese business sector.
Descrição
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Inteligência Artificial Eficiência operacional Pequenas e médias empresas Transformação digital PME portuguesas Artificial Intelligence Operational efficiency Small and medium-sized enterprises Digital transformation Portuguese SMEs