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Alterações metabólicas durante a vida do Homem
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPG_27357 | 663.96 KB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
O ciclo de vida do Homem sofreu várias alterações ao longo dos tempos. A compreensão do metabolismo é essencial para a compreensão do comportamento humano, onde este é parte integrante da saúde e está envolvido em grande parte dos mecanismos que provocam doenças
O metabolismo é um conjunto de reações químicas que ocorrem no organismo a nível celular e que permitem que as células se mantenham vivas, cresçam e se dividam. É constituído por dois grandes grupos de vias metabólicas, a anabólica e a catabólica. Na via anabólica há a síntese de moléculas e na catabólica ocorre a degradação de moléculas. Estas vias estão interligadas e são controladas enzimaticamente, consoante as necessidades energéticas e fisiológicas do organismo.
Ao longo da sua vida, o homem sofre diversas alterações que permitem o crescimento e maturação, e ocorrem também perdas hormonais que se verificam sobretudo no envelhecimento.
Estes processos são intrínsecos ao desenvolvimento, mas não são lineares e podem apresentar variações de indivíduo para indivíduo. As alterações metabólicas que ocorrem podem alterar o estado de saúde e até mesmo desencadear algumas patologias.
Em recém-nascidos e crianças as principais diferenças metabólicas comparativamente com o adulto devem-se ao facto de o organismo ainda não esta completamente desenvolvido. Já nos adolescentes observam-se sobretudo alterações hormonais que levam à maturação sexual do organismo. Também nas grávidas são observadas mudanças na secreção de certas hormonas que permitem o normal desenvolvimento do feto. Relativamente aos idosos, há uma diminuição do estado de saúde geral e é frequente a manifestação da síndrome metabólica. Podem também ocorrer disfunções hormonais como por exemplo da tiroide e desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina.
Deste modo, é importante ter em conta os fatores externos que podem afetar o metabolismo, muitos deles controláveis, como o caso da alimentação e do estilo de vida e uso de suplementos.
The life cycle of Man has undergone several changes throughout the years. Understanding metabolism is essential for understanding human behavior, since it is an integral part of health and is involved in several mechanisms that lead to disease. Metabolism is a group of chemical reactions that occur in the body at the cellular level allowing cells to stay alive, grow and divide. It consists in two large groups of metabolic pathways, anabolic and catabolic. Anabolism includes all synthesis of molecules and catabolism consists on their degradation. These pathways are interconnected and enzymatically controlled, depending on the energy and physiological needs of the organism. Therefore, many of the pathologies that arise in an individual are due to the uncontrol of one or more metabolic pathways. Throughout life, human beings undergo several changes at hormonal level allowing growth and maturation. Hormonal secretion decreases are also observed mainly during aging. These processes are intrinsic to human development, but may vary from individual to individual. Thus, metabolic changes that occur can alter the state of health and even trigger the development of certain pathologies. In newborns and children, the main metabolic differences when compared to adults result from the fact that the organism is not yet fully developed. In adolescents, hormonal changes are the mainly verified alterations and these lead to sexual maturation of the organism. Also, pregnant women suffer changes in secretion of certain hormones that allows normal development of the fetus. As for the elderly, a general decline of health is observed and frequently they show metabolic syndrome. Hormonal dysfunctions can also occur like for instance thyroid dysfunction and development of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to take into account external factors affecting metabolism that can be controlled, such as food diet, lifestyle and the use of supplements.
The life cycle of Man has undergone several changes throughout the years. Understanding metabolism is essential for understanding human behavior, since it is an integral part of health and is involved in several mechanisms that lead to disease. Metabolism is a group of chemical reactions that occur in the body at the cellular level allowing cells to stay alive, grow and divide. It consists in two large groups of metabolic pathways, anabolic and catabolic. Anabolism includes all synthesis of molecules and catabolism consists on their degradation. These pathways are interconnected and enzymatically controlled, depending on the energy and physiological needs of the organism. Therefore, many of the pathologies that arise in an individual are due to the uncontrol of one or more metabolic pathways. Throughout life, human beings undergo several changes at hormonal level allowing growth and maturation. Hormonal secretion decreases are also observed mainly during aging. These processes are intrinsic to human development, but may vary from individual to individual. Thus, metabolic changes that occur can alter the state of health and even trigger the development of certain pathologies. In newborns and children, the main metabolic differences when compared to adults result from the fact that the organism is not yet fully developed. In adolescents, hormonal changes are the mainly verified alterations and these lead to sexual maturation of the organism. Also, pregnant women suffer changes in secretion of certain hormones that allows normal development of the fetus. As for the elderly, a general decline of health is observed and frequently they show metabolic syndrome. Hormonal dysfunctions can also occur like for instance thyroid dysfunction and development of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to take into account external factors affecting metabolism that can be controlled, such as food diet, lifestyle and the use of supplements.