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As diferenças na expressão dos traços de psicopatia, inter-género, em indivíduos condenados pelo crime de abuso sexual de menores
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Abstract(s)
A psicopatia é uma das perturbações de personalidade mais importantes e mais estudadas em todo mundo, devido à estreita ligação que apresenta com o comportamento criminal (Brown, et. al., 2012; Hicks & Patrick, 2006). Este transtorno de personalidade é considerado um dos mais graves e potencialmente prejudiciais, acarretando consigo diversas consequências, quer para as vítimas, quer para os próprios indivíduos (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008).
Os indivíduos que apresentam esta perturbação de personalidade são caracterizados como egocêntricos, impulsivos, com tendência para comportamento antissocial, sem qualquer tipo de remorsos ou culpa, superficiais e incapaz de demonstrar afeto ou estabelecer relações estáveis com terceiros (Hare, 1991). Neste, sentido os perfis psicológicos destes indivíduos, poderão ser importantes fatores na compreensão da natureza psicocriminogénica do abuso sexual de menores (Lime et. al., 2021). Os traços de personalidade na avaliação de abusadores sexuais de menores são considerados um dos fatores vitais, isto porque certos padrões de personalidade podem desempenhar um papel impulsionador no abuso sexual infantil (Stoll, et. al., 2019). Deste modo, uma das perturbações mais estudadas na avaliação destes indivíduos é a psicopatia.
Diversos autores (e.g., Hogben, 1996; Lilienfeld, 1992) defendem que esta perturbação de personalidade se manifesta de forma diferente entre homens e mulheres, neste sentido, afigura-se essencial um estudo dedicado às diferenças de género na expressão da psicopatia. De acordo com a literatura, os indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentam uma maior tendência a desenvolverem comportamentos antissociais, pois optam por métodos mais violentos para atingirem os seus objetivos, enquanto os indivíduos do sexo feminino tendem a desenvolver um padrão mais histriónico, optando por táticas mais sedutoras (Evangelista, 2015).
A violência sexual representa um grande problema para a saúde pública, causando um grande impacto sobre as vítimas.
A violência (e.g., abuso sexual de menores) exercida sobre as crianças não é um fenómeno recente e representa um grande problema para a saúde pública (Chen, et. al., 2010 cit. In., Verónico, 2015). A exposição da criança a este tipo de violência viola as liberdades e garantias fundamentais, afetando deste modo o bem-estar, saúde e segurança desta (Magalhães, 2005). Neste sentido, abuso sexual de menores é uma das maiores ameaças ao bem-estar, saúde e segurança do menor (Rodrigues, 2017).
Deste modo, o presente projeto de graduação tem por objetivo delinear uma investigação científica com o intuito de analisar e compreender as diferenças de expressão de traços psicopáticos inter-género, em indivíduos condenados por crime de abuso sexual de menores. A nível metodológico, o presente projeto apresenta uma proposta de investigação, de natureza quantitativa, com a aplicação de questionários e escalas a uma amostra reclusa composta por indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino. Assim neste sentido, pretende-se explorar as diferenças, com base no género, da expressão de traços de psicopatia em indivíduos condenados por crime de abuso sexual de menores.
Psychopathy is one of the most important and most studied personality disorders in the world, due to the close link it has with criminal behavior (Brown, et. al., 2012; Hicks & Patrick, 2006). This personality disorder is considered to be one of the most serious and potentially damaging, bringing with it various consequences, both for the victims and for the individuals themselves (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008). Individuals with this personality disorder are characterized as self-centred, impulsive, prone to antisocial behavior, lacking any kind of remorse or guilt, superficial and unable to show affection or establish stable relationships with others (Hare, 1991). In this sense, the psychological profiles of these individuals could be important factors in understanding the psychocriminogenic nature of child sexual abuse (Lime et. al., 2021). Personality traits in the assessment of child sexual abusers are considered one of the vital factors, because certain personality patterns can play a driving role in child sexual abuse (Stoll, et. al., 2019). Thus, one of the most studied disorders in the assessment of these individuals is psychopathy. Several authors (e.g., Hogben, 1996; Lilienfeld, 1992) argue that this personality disorder manifests itself differently in men and women, so a study dedicated to gender differences in the expression of psychopathy is essential. According to the literature, males have a greater tendency to develop antisocial behavior, as they opt for more violent methods to achieve their goals, while females tend to develop a more histrionic pattern, opting for more seductive tactics (Evangelista, 2015). Sexual violence represents a major problem for public health, causing a great impact on the victims. Violence (e.g. child sexual abuse) against children is not a recent phenomenon and represents a major public health problem (Chen, et. al., 2010 cit. In., Verónico, 2015). Exposing children to this type of violence violates their fundamental freedoms and guarantees, thus affecting their well-being, health and safety (Magalhães, 2005). In this sense, child sexual abuse is one of the greatest threats to the well-being, health and safety of minors (Rodrigues, 2017). The aim of this undergraduate project is to carry out a scientific investigation with the aim of analyzing and understanding the differences in the expression of inter-gender psychopathic traits in individuals convicted of child sexual abuse. At a methodological level, this project presents a research proposal of a quantitative nature, with the application of questionnaires and scales to a sample of male and female inmates. The aim is to explore gender-based differences in the expression of psychopathic traits in individuals convicted of child sexual abuse.
Psychopathy is one of the most important and most studied personality disorders in the world, due to the close link it has with criminal behavior (Brown, et. al., 2012; Hicks & Patrick, 2006). This personality disorder is considered to be one of the most serious and potentially damaging, bringing with it various consequences, both for the victims and for the individuals themselves (Leistico, Salekin, Decoster & Rogers, 2008). Individuals with this personality disorder are characterized as self-centred, impulsive, prone to antisocial behavior, lacking any kind of remorse or guilt, superficial and unable to show affection or establish stable relationships with others (Hare, 1991). In this sense, the psychological profiles of these individuals could be important factors in understanding the psychocriminogenic nature of child sexual abuse (Lime et. al., 2021). Personality traits in the assessment of child sexual abusers are considered one of the vital factors, because certain personality patterns can play a driving role in child sexual abuse (Stoll, et. al., 2019). Thus, one of the most studied disorders in the assessment of these individuals is psychopathy. Several authors (e.g., Hogben, 1996; Lilienfeld, 1992) argue that this personality disorder manifests itself differently in men and women, so a study dedicated to gender differences in the expression of psychopathy is essential. According to the literature, males have a greater tendency to develop antisocial behavior, as they opt for more violent methods to achieve their goals, while females tend to develop a more histrionic pattern, opting for more seductive tactics (Evangelista, 2015). Sexual violence represents a major problem for public health, causing a great impact on the victims. Violence (e.g. child sexual abuse) against children is not a recent phenomenon and represents a major public health problem (Chen, et. al., 2010 cit. In., Verónico, 2015). Exposing children to this type of violence violates their fundamental freedoms and guarantees, thus affecting their well-being, health and safety (Magalhães, 2005). In this sense, child sexual abuse is one of the greatest threats to the well-being, health and safety of minors (Rodrigues, 2017). The aim of this undergraduate project is to carry out a scientific investigation with the aim of analyzing and understanding the differences in the expression of inter-gender psychopathic traits in individuals convicted of child sexual abuse. At a methodological level, this project presents a research proposal of a quantitative nature, with the application of questionnaires and scales to a sample of male and female inmates. The aim is to explore gender-based differences in the expression of psychopathic traits in individuals convicted of child sexual abuse.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia
Keywords
Psicopatia Género Abuso sexual Traços psicopáticos Psychopathy Gender Sexual abuse Psychopathic traits