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A sobrecarga do cuidador informal em Ponte de Lima
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Abstract(s)
Nos tempos modernos assiste-se a um aumento da esperança média de vida, e com isso um aumento do número de idosos com dependência. Assim a necessidade de prestação de cuidados por parte de terceiros nomeadamente cuidadores é francamente maior.
Com o avançar da idade surge o aumento da dependência no idoso e com isso todas as limitações que o envelhecimento acarreta. Assim surgem os cuidadores informais, que segundo Neri e Carvalho (2002) citado por Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa, partilham da opinião que o cuidador informal é habitualmente um familiar ou alguém muito próximo do idoso.
Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa (2011), salienta que as necessidades da família de cuidar da pessoa idosa dependente pode causar situações de stress e problemas de saúde físicos e mentais. Ainda assim esta função pode gerar sentimentos de frustração, ansiedade, inquietação e uma preocupação constante na pessoa que cuida, sendo que esta pode levar á sobrecarga do cuidador informal.
Face ao exposto surgiu o interesse por parte da investigadora de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre esta temática e entender qual a intervenção da enfermagem. Assim, o objetivo geral delineado para o presente Projeto de Graduação foi: Avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais de Ponte de Lima.
A população escolhida foram cuidadores informais do concelho de Ponte de Lima e dentro dos mesmos selecionou-se uma amostra de 30 elementos com pelo menos 6 meses a exercer a atividade de cuidador informal e que pertencem ao concelho de Ponte de Lima.
Como instrumento de recolha de dados recorreu-se ao Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal da autoria da Professora Doutora Teresa Martins.
A Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal em Ponte de Lima
Em termos de tipo de estudo, optou-se por um estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples e transversal de acordo com a metodologia de Fortin (2009).
Após análise e discussão dos dados conclui-se que dos 30 elementos que constituem a amostra, maioritariamente são do género feminino, possuem idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 77 anos, tendo assim uma média de idades de 45 anos.
Relativamente aos dados obtidos com a aplicação do QASCI conclui-se que os fatores com mais influência na caracterização da sobrecarga do cuidador informal foram o IVP, SE, SF e RE, tendo-se obtido um nível de sobrecarga moderada com um total de 35,30%. Isto vai de encontro ao exposto por Martins (2003) em que sugere como níveis de sobrecarga: o valor 0 indica ausência de sobrecarga, de 1 a 25 considera-se sobrecarga ligeira, 25 a 50 corresponde a uma sobrecarga moderada, de 50 a 75 indica sobrecarga grave e por fim um valor maior a 75 é indicador de sobrecarga extremamente grave.
In this modern times, it is attended an increase of the hope of life, and with that an increase of the number of seniors with dependence. Like this, the need of care giving on the part of third namely caretakers are frankly larger. With the elderness, the increase of the dependence it appears in the senior and with that all of the limitations that the aging carts. Like this the informal caretakers appear, that according to Neri e Carvalho (2002) mentioned by Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa, share of the opinion that the informal caretaker is habitually a relative or somebody very close of the senior. Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa (2011), points out that the needs of the family to take care of the dependent senior person can cause stress situations and physical and mental problems. Nevertheless this function can generate frustration feelings, anxiety, inquietude and a constant concern in the person that takes care, and this can take the informal caretaker's á overload. Face to the exposed the interest appeared on the part of the investigator of to deep the knowledge on this theme and to understand which the intervention of the nursing. Like this, the general objective delineated for the present Graduation Projert was: To evaluate the informal caretakers from Ponte Lima overload. The chosen population was informal caretakers of the county of Ponte Lima and inside of the same ones a sample of 30 elements was selected with at least 6 months to exercise informal caretaker's activity. As instrument of colleting data was the Questionnaire of Evaluation of the Overload of the Informal Caretaker of the Teacher's authorship Teresa Martins. In terms of study type, was a simple and traverse study quantitative, descriptive in agreement with the methodology of Fortin (2009). A Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal em Ponte de Lima After analysis and discussion of the data the 30 elements that constitute the sample, most part are of the feminine gender, they possess ages understood between the 21 and the 77 years, tends like this an average of 45 year-old. In concern to the data obtained with the application of QASCI is ended that the factors with more influence in the characterization of the informal caretaker's overload were IVP, IF, SF and RE, having obtained a level of moderate overload with a total of 35,30%. This goes to same information into the exposed by Martins (2003) in that suggests as overload levels: the value 0 indicates overload absence, from 1 to 25 is considered quick overload, 25 to 50 correspond to a moderate overload, from 50 to 75 indicates serious overload and finally a larger value to 75 is indicative of extremely serious overload.
In this modern times, it is attended an increase of the hope of life, and with that an increase of the number of seniors with dependence. Like this, the need of care giving on the part of third namely caretakers are frankly larger. With the elderness, the increase of the dependence it appears in the senior and with that all of the limitations that the aging carts. Like this the informal caretakers appear, that according to Neri e Carvalho (2002) mentioned by Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa, share of the opinion that the informal caretaker is habitually a relative or somebody very close of the senior. Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa (2011), points out that the needs of the family to take care of the dependent senior person can cause stress situations and physical and mental problems. Nevertheless this function can generate frustration feelings, anxiety, inquietude and a constant concern in the person that takes care, and this can take the informal caretaker's á overload. Face to the exposed the interest appeared on the part of the investigator of to deep the knowledge on this theme and to understand which the intervention of the nursing. Like this, the general objective delineated for the present Graduation Projert was: To evaluate the informal caretakers from Ponte Lima overload. The chosen population was informal caretakers of the county of Ponte Lima and inside of the same ones a sample of 30 elements was selected with at least 6 months to exercise informal caretaker's activity. As instrument of colleting data was the Questionnaire of Evaluation of the Overload of the Informal Caretaker of the Teacher's authorship Teresa Martins. In terms of study type, was a simple and traverse study quantitative, descriptive in agreement with the methodology of Fortin (2009). A Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal em Ponte de Lima After analysis and discussion of the data the 30 elements that constitute the sample, most part are of the feminine gender, they possess ages understood between the 21 and the 77 years, tends like this an average of 45 year-old. In concern to the data obtained with the application of QASCI is ended that the factors with more influence in the characterization of the informal caretaker's overload were IVP, IF, SF and RE, having obtained a level of moderate overload with a total of 35,30%. This goes to same information into the exposed by Martins (2003) in that suggests as overload levels: the value 0 indicates overload absence, from 1 to 25 is considered quick overload, 25 to 50 correspond to a moderate overload, from 50 to 75 indicates serious overload and finally a larger value to 75 is indicative of extremely serious overload.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Enfermagem
Keywords
Envelhecimento Cuidador informal Sobrecarga Impacto físico Impacto emocional Impacto social Aging Informal caretaker Overload Physical impact Emotional impact Social impact