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Determinação do risco de perturbações do comportamento alimentar antes e após um programa de educação alimentar em alunos do ensino secundário de Vila Nova de Gaia
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Abstract(s)
As Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar (PCA) são doenças cujo início frequentemente ocorre na adolescência, com efeitos nefastos para a saúde a curto e a longo prazo.
Este estudo apresentou como objetivos: identificar o risco de PCA com recurso a uma escala validada em alunos do 10º ano (15 e 16 anos); relacionar as características sociodemográficas, nutricionais e estilo de vida com o risco de PCA em adolescentes; avaliar o impacto da implementação de um programa de educação alimentar na frequência do risco de PCA em adolescentes.
Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 4 turmas de 2 escolas de Vila Nova de Gaia. O programa consistiu em 5 sessões, 4 delas teóricas e interativas direcionadas para a educação alimentar. Aplicaram-se a escala EAT-26, a escala de silhuetas de Stunkard, Sorensen e Schlusinger e um questionário sociodemográfico no início e no fim do programa.
Entre os 52 alunos que participaram no estudo, 34 eram do sexo feminino (65,4%), 17 do sexo masculino (32,7%) e 1 não-binário (1,9%).
Respetivamente no início e no fim do estudo, 21,2% e 11,5% da amostra encontrava-se em risco de PCA, de acordo com o EAT-26 (p<0.001).
Dos alunos que se encontravam em risco de PCA, 40,0% consumiam bebidas alcoólicas, 62,5% já tinham um diagnóstico prévio de PCA. Os alunos sinalizados com risco de PCA apresentaram uma perceção subestimada do seu Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), com uma diferença média entre o IMC real e a perceção de IMC de 2,71 (DP: 4,62) na primeira sessão e 4,83 (DP: 6,94) na última sessão, e um desejo de perder peso, com uma diferença média entre o IMC real e o desejo de IMC de 5,71 (DP: 6,13) na primeira sessão e -6,07 (DP: 7,32) na última sessão.
Entre a primeira e a última sessão deste programa de educação alimentar verificou-se uma diminuição em 9,6% dos casos de risco positivo. Uma maior percentagem de alunos em risco de PCA consumia bebidas alcoólicas e apresentava diagnóstico prévio de PCA. Verificou-se ainda valores mais elevados de peso, uma perceção subestimada sobre o próprio IMC e o desejo de diminuir o IMC entre estes alunos.
Eating disorders (ED) are diseases that often start in adolescence and have harmful effects on health in the short and long term. This study aimed to: identify the risk of eating disorders using a validated scale in 10th grade students (15 and 16 years old); relate sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle characteristics to the risk of eating disorders in adolescents; assess the impact of implementing a dietary education programme on the frequency of risk of eating disorders in adolescents. Four classes from two schools in Vila Nova de Gaia were randomly selected. The programme consisted of 5 sessions, 4 of them theoretical and interactive aimed at food education. The EAT 26 scale, the Stunkard, Sorensen and Schlusinger silhouette scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied at the beginning and end of the programme. Among the 52 students who took part in the study, 34 were female (65.4%), 17 male (32.7%) and 1 non binary (1.9%). At the beginning and end of the study respectively, 21.2 per cent and 11.5 per cent of the sample were at risk of ED, according to the EAT 26 (p<0.001). Of the students at risk of ED 40.0 per cent consumed alcohol and 62.5 per cent had a previous diagnosis of ED. The students flagged as being at risk of ED had an underestimated perception of their Body Mass Index (BMI), with an average difference between actual BMI and perceived BMI of 2.71 (SD: 4.62) in the first session and 4.83 (SD: 6.94) in the last session, and a desire to lose weight, with an average difference between actual BMI and desired BMI of 5.71 (SD: 6.13) in the first session and 6.07 (SD: 7.32) in the last Between the first and last sessions of this diet education programme, there was a 9.6% decrease in positive risk cases. A higher percentage of students at risk of ED consumed alcohol and had a previous diagnosis of ED. There were also higher weight values an underestimated perception of their own BMI and a desire to reduce BMI among these students.
Eating disorders (ED) are diseases that often start in adolescence and have harmful effects on health in the short and long term. This study aimed to: identify the risk of eating disorders using a validated scale in 10th grade students (15 and 16 years old); relate sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle characteristics to the risk of eating disorders in adolescents; assess the impact of implementing a dietary education programme on the frequency of risk of eating disorders in adolescents. Four classes from two schools in Vila Nova de Gaia were randomly selected. The programme consisted of 5 sessions, 4 of them theoretical and interactive aimed at food education. The EAT 26 scale, the Stunkard, Sorensen and Schlusinger silhouette scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied at the beginning and end of the programme. Among the 52 students who took part in the study, 34 were female (65.4%), 17 male (32.7%) and 1 non binary (1.9%). At the beginning and end of the study respectively, 21.2 per cent and 11.5 per cent of the sample were at risk of ED, according to the EAT 26 (p<0.001). Of the students at risk of ED 40.0 per cent consumed alcohol and 62.5 per cent had a previous diagnosis of ED. The students flagged as being at risk of ED had an underestimated perception of their Body Mass Index (BMI), with an average difference between actual BMI and perceived BMI of 2.71 (SD: 4.62) in the first session and 4.83 (SD: 6.94) in the last session, and a desire to lose weight, with an average difference between actual BMI and desired BMI of 5.71 (SD: 6.13) in the first session and 6.07 (SD: 7.32) in the last Between the first and last sessions of this diet education programme, there was a 9.6% decrease in positive risk cases. A higher percentage of students at risk of ED consumed alcohol and had a previous diagnosis of ED. There were also higher weight values an underestimated perception of their own BMI and a desire to reduce BMI among these students.
Description
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Keywords
Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Compulsão alimentar EAT-26 Programa de intervenção Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge eating EAT 26 Intervention program