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A violĂȘncia que marca para sempre: crimes nos conflitos armados e o seu impacto nos ex-combatentes
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Projeto de graduação_42846 | 1.07 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho de graduação pretende dar uma explicação de como a histĂłria e a ĂĄrea jurĂdica se desenvolveu no Direito Internacional HumanitĂĄrio (DIH), com grande relevĂąncia para as convençÔes, protocolos e tratados que originaram durante o decurso da histĂłria. O estudo aponta quais foram os principais acontecimentos histĂłricos que estiveram na origem da proteção dos feridos, doentes e prisioneiros de guerra. A primeira convenção de Genebra, de 1864, assinalou o inĂcio da evolução do tratamento humanitĂĄrio no mundo inteiro.
O estudo refere igualmente o surgimento de mecanismos jurĂdicos, tais como o protocolo de 1925 sobre a proibição do uso de gĂĄs, a convenção sobre muniçÔes cluster que proĂbe o uso e a produção de muniçÔes cluster e o protocolo opcional Ă Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança de 1989 que estabelece que os grupos armados nĂŁo podem utilizar crianças com menos de 18 anos para recrutarem e combaterem na guerra. Todos estes mecanismos jurĂdicos refletem a força constante para reduzir os efeitos negativos dos conflitos armados.
Apesar destas normas, o impacto dos conflitos armados continua a ser grande para os combatentes. O projeto mostra casos de ex-combatentes que demonstraram impactos negativos na sua saĂșde mental devido aos conflitos armados, em particular quando sĂŁo vĂtimas ou testemunham crimes de guerra. O projeto âEndexâ instaurado por um ex-combatente com transtorno de stress pĂłs-traumĂĄtico e a construção de um barco viking liderado por Bob Marshall sĂŁo exemplos de reabilitação psicolĂłgica que podem ajudar diversos combatentes com os mesmos problemas de saĂșde mental.
Deste modo, o estudo pretende demonstrar a importĂąncia do Direito Internacional HumanitĂĄrio para as vĂtimas atualmente envolvidas em conflitos armados, assim como a necessidade prioritĂĄria de estabelecer prĂĄticas psicolĂłgicas e humanitĂĄrias que permitam a estes indivĂduos levar uma vida menos afetada pela violĂȘncia decorrente desses conflitos.
This graduation Project aims to explain how the history and legal frame work of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) have developed, with particular emphasis on the conventions, protocols, and treaties that emerged throughout history. The study highlights the key historical events that led to the protection of the wounded, sick, and prisoners of war. The first Geneva Convention of 1864 marked the beginning of the global evolution of humanitarian treatment. The study also refers to the emergence of legal mechanisms such as the 1925 protocol banning the use of gas, the Convention on Cluster Munitions which prohibits the use and production of cluster bombs, and the Optional Protocol to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, which establishes that armed groups cannot recruit or use children under 18 years old in warfare. All these legal instruments reflect the ongoing effort to reduce the negative effects of armed conflicts. Despite these standards, the impact of armed conflicts continues to be great for combatants. The Project presents cases of former combatants who have suffered negative impacts on their mental health due to armed conflicts, especially when victims or witnesses of war crimes. The âEndexâ project, established by an ex-combatant with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the construction of a Viking ship led by Bob Marshall are examples of psychological rehabilitation initiatives that can help other combatants facing similar mental health challenges. Thus, the study aims to demonstrate the importance of International Humanitarian Law for victims currently involved in armed conflicts, as well as the urgent need to establish psychological and humanitarian practices that enable these individuals to lead lives less affected by the violence resulting from such conflicts.
This graduation Project aims to explain how the history and legal frame work of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) have developed, with particular emphasis on the conventions, protocols, and treaties that emerged throughout history. The study highlights the key historical events that led to the protection of the wounded, sick, and prisoners of war. The first Geneva Convention of 1864 marked the beginning of the global evolution of humanitarian treatment. The study also refers to the emergence of legal mechanisms such as the 1925 protocol banning the use of gas, the Convention on Cluster Munitions which prohibits the use and production of cluster bombs, and the Optional Protocol to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, which establishes that armed groups cannot recruit or use children under 18 years old in warfare. All these legal instruments reflect the ongoing effort to reduce the negative effects of armed conflicts. Despite these standards, the impact of armed conflicts continues to be great for combatants. The Project presents cases of former combatants who have suffered negative impacts on their mental health due to armed conflicts, especially when victims or witnesses of war crimes. The âEndexâ project, established by an ex-combatant with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the construction of a Viking ship led by Bob Marshall are examples of psychological rehabilitation initiatives that can help other combatants facing similar mental health challenges. Thus, the study aims to demonstrate the importance of International Humanitarian Law for victims currently involved in armed conflicts, as well as the urgent need to establish psychological and humanitarian practices that enable these individuals to lead lives less affected by the violence resulting from such conflicts.
Description
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia.
Keywords
Direito internacional humanitĂĄrio Reabilitação SaĂșde mental Conflitos armados International humanitarian law Rehabilitation Mental health Armed conflicts