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Prevalência de barodontalgia e barotrauma em actividades que envolvem variações de pressão atmosférica: revisão scoping
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A exposição a variações significativas de pressão atmosférica, decorrente de atividades como mergulho, paraquedismo, alpinismo ou voos militares e comerciais, tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, motivando maior atenção às patologias orais relacionadas. Entre estas, destaca-se a barodontalgia, definida como dor dentária súbita ou agravada por flutuações rápidas da pressão, frequentemente associada a cáries extensas, restaurações defeituosas, pulpite ou alterações periapicais. Esta revisão scoping teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da barodontalgia e do barotrauma dentário, identificar sinais e sintomas reportados e explorar outros distúrbios orais em populações expostas a cenários de variação de pressão atmosférica. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa da literatura nas bases PubMed, Google Scholar e B-On, de artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2025, segundo as orientações PRISMA 2020. Foram utilizadas palavras-chave relacionadas com atividades de risco de alterações de pressão, incluindo mergulho, aviação, câmara hiperbárica e montanhismo. A questão PICO formulada foi: “Qual a prevalência da barodontalgia e dos sinais e sintomas de barotrauma dentário em atividades que envolvem variações da pressão atmosférica?”. Os dados analisados revelaram prevalências entre 5% e 55%, variando conforme a população estudada, atividade praticada e metodologia utilizada. Os achados confirmam que a barodontalgia está presente de forma transversal a diferentes contextos sociodemográficos, embora persistam limitações quanto à consistência metodológica e explicação etiológica do fenómeno. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico precoce, medidas preventivas individualizadas e monitorização regular são fundamentais para reduzir o risco de complicações em ambientes de variação de pressão, justificando a necessidade de estudos multicêntricos e protocolos clínicos padronizados.
Exposure to significant atmospheric pressure variations, arising from activities such as diving, skydiving, mountaineering, or military and commercial flights, has increased in recent decades, drawing growing attention to related oral pathologies. Among these, barodontalgia stands out, defined as sudden dental pain or exacerbation of a pre-existing condition due to rapid pressure fluctuations, often associated with extensive carious lesions, defective restorations, pulpitis, or periapical alterations. This scoping review aimed to assess the prevalence of barodontalgia and dental barotrauma, to identify the reported signs and symptoms, and to explore other oral disorders in populations exposed to pressure variation scenarios. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and B-On databases for articles published between 2010 and 2025, following the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Keywords related to pressure-risk activities, including diving, aviation, hyperbaric chambers, and mountaineering, were used. The PICO question formulated was: “What is the prevalence of barodontalgia and the signs and symptoms of dental barotrauma in activities involving atmospheric pressure changes?”. The analysis revealed prevalence rates ranging from 5% to 55%, depending on the population studied, the activity performed, and the methodology applied. The findings confirm that barodontalgia occurs across diverse sociodemographic contexts, although current literature still presents methodological inconsistencies and lacks a definitive etiological explanation for the phenomenon. In conclusion, early diagnosis, individualized preventive strategies, and regular monitoring are fundamental to reducing the risk of complications in pressure-variable environments, highlighting the need for multicenter studies and standardized clinical protocols.
Exposure to significant atmospheric pressure variations, arising from activities such as diving, skydiving, mountaineering, or military and commercial flights, has increased in recent decades, drawing growing attention to related oral pathologies. Among these, barodontalgia stands out, defined as sudden dental pain or exacerbation of a pre-existing condition due to rapid pressure fluctuations, often associated with extensive carious lesions, defective restorations, pulpitis, or periapical alterations. This scoping review aimed to assess the prevalence of barodontalgia and dental barotrauma, to identify the reported signs and symptoms, and to explore other oral disorders in populations exposed to pressure variation scenarios. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and B-On databases for articles published between 2010 and 2025, following the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Keywords related to pressure-risk activities, including diving, aviation, hyperbaric chambers, and mountaineering, were used. The PICO question formulated was: “What is the prevalence of barodontalgia and the signs and symptoms of dental barotrauma in activities involving atmospheric pressure changes?”. The analysis revealed prevalence rates ranging from 5% to 55%, depending on the population studied, the activity performed, and the methodology applied. The findings confirm that barodontalgia occurs across diverse sociodemographic contexts, although current literature still presents methodological inconsistencies and lacks a definitive etiological explanation for the phenomenon. In conclusion, early diagnosis, individualized preventive strategies, and regular monitoring are fundamental to reducing the risk of complications in pressure-variable environments, highlighting the need for multicenter studies and standardized clinical protocols.
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Palavras-chave
Barodontalgia Barotrauma Dor dentária Prevalência Incidência Dental pain Prevalence Incidence