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A liberdade sexual e o engajamento jurídico para correta tipificação penal dos crimes contra a dignidade feminina
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho abordou o fenômeno da violência do gênero feminino e a forma como este é tratado pela legislação brasileira e na sociedade como um todo. Para uma compreensão melhor do tema, esta investigação contou como objetivo principal: Analisar se, após a entrada em vigor da lei 13.718/18, que tipifica o crime de importunação sexual, ocorreu à diminuição de tal crime contra a mulher. Além disso, a pesquisa também observou a correlação da violência contra a mulher e a cultura do machismo e estudou a literatura e a legislação brasileira, como a Lei Maria da Penha (11.340/06) e a Lei 13.104/15, que se refere ao feminicídio. Analisaram-se também as políticas públicas voltadas ao atendimento à mulher e a justiça restaurativa como meio de solução de conflitos. Por se tratar de um assunto atual, a violência contra o gênero feminino é um fenômeno que gera muitos estudos, fomentando assim a criação e modificação de leis, ampliação e melhoramento das políticas públicas e projetos relacionados ao enfrentamento dos crimes contra a dignidade feminina no Brasil, representando um importante instrumento de transformação social e implementação da igualdade de gênero. Foram realizados dois questionários, o primeiro (apêndice I) foi organizado com base na Lei 13.718/18, que trata de Importunação Sexual, para verificar se as mulheres tinham conhecimento da existência da Lei, garantindo que elas não fossem importunadas/ assediadas em espaços públicos. O segundo questionário (apêndice II), foi realizado para verificar se, após o período onde houve a decretação da Lei n°13.979/2020 - Lockdown, as mulheres haviam sofrido violência doméstica, quais os tipos e se denunciaram junto a delegacias especializadas. Para isso, foi utilizada a plataforma de gerenciamento de pesquisa Google Forms, os dados estatísticos (gráficos) também foram obtidos utilizando está plataforma, proporcionando a análise do contexto da violência de forma mais objetiva. As respostas aos questionários sugerem que as mulheres, em sua grande maioria, ainda desconhecem seus direitos garantidos pelas sanções de leis e políticas públicas que objetivam garantir a segurança e evitar a violência contra elas. O primeiro questionário demonstrou que as mulheres sentem medo de serem assediadas em espaços públicos, principalmente nas ruas e não denunciam o fato as autoridades. O segundo questionário obteve respostas que indicaram que as mulheres são vítimas de agressões físicas e/ ou verbais por parte de seus cônjuges ou companheiros e que mediante estas hostilidades permanecem em silêncio e isolam-se de pessoas próximas, e quando perguntadas se haviam registrado ocorrências policiais informando as agressões; se tinham conhecimento da delegacia “on-line” e das políticas públicas, em destaque o ligue 180, as respostas foram negativas. Isso pode estar ocorrendo por receio de represálias, pelo sentimento de afeto pelo agressor ou por falta de conhecimento das políticas públicas. Uma alternativa para a solução dos conflitos seria a utilização da justiça restaurativa, bem como a mudança cultural, iniciada nos bancos escolares, buscando ensinar o respeito às mulheres e a todos os gêneros. Entretanto, as Pesquisas sobre o assunto devem continuar com intuito de acompanhar o desfecho para o enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher.
The present work addressed the phenomenon of female gender violence and the way it is treated by Brazilian legislation and in society as a whole. For a better understanding of the topic, this investigation had as its main objective: Analyze whether, after the entry into force of law 13,718/18, which typifies the crime of sexual harassment, there was a reduction in such crime against women. In addition, the research also observed the correlation of violence against women and the culture of chauvinism and studied Brazilian literature and legislation, such as the Maria da Penha Law (11,340/06) and Law 13,104/15, which refers to the femicide. Public policies aimed at women's care and restorative justice as a means of conflict resolution were also analyzed. As it is a current issue, violence against the female gender is a phenomenon that generates many studies, thus promoting the creation and modification of laws, expansion and improvement of public policies and projects related to confronting crimes against female dignity in Brazil, representing an important instrument for social transformation and implementation of gender equality. Two questionnaires were carried out, the first (Appendix I) was organized based on Law 13,718/18, which deals with Sexual Harassment, to verify whether women were aware of the existence of the Law, ensuring that they were not harassed/harassed in public spaces. The second questionnaire (Appendix II) was carried out to verify whether, after the period in which Law No. 13.979/2020 - Lockdown was enacted, women had suffered domestic violence, what types of violence it was and had reported it to specialized police stations. For this, the Google Forms search management platform was used; statistical data (graphs) were also obtained using this platform, providing a more objective analysis of the context of violence. The responses to the questionnaires suggest that women, for the most part, are still unaware of their rights guaranteed by the sanctions of laws and public policies that aim to guarantee safety and prevent violence against them. The first questionnaire showed that women are afraid of being harassed in public spaces, especially on the streets, and do not report this to the authorities. The second questionnaire obtained answers that indicated that women are victims of physical and/or verbal aggression by their spouses or partners and that, through these hostilities, they remain silent and isolate themselves from close people, and when asked if they had recorded police incidents reporting the aggressions; if they were aware of the “on-line” police station and public policies, highlighting dial 180, the responses were negative. This may be due to fear of reprisals, feelings of affection for the aggressor or lack of knowledge of public policies. An alternative for solving conflicts would be the use of restorative justice, as well as cultural change, initiated in school benches, seeking to teach respect for women and all genders. However, research on the subject should continue with the aim of monitoring the outcome for confronting violence against women.
The present work addressed the phenomenon of female gender violence and the way it is treated by Brazilian legislation and in society as a whole. For a better understanding of the topic, this investigation had as its main objective: Analyze whether, after the entry into force of law 13,718/18, which typifies the crime of sexual harassment, there was a reduction in such crime against women. In addition, the research also observed the correlation of violence against women and the culture of chauvinism and studied Brazilian literature and legislation, such as the Maria da Penha Law (11,340/06) and Law 13,104/15, which refers to the femicide. Public policies aimed at women's care and restorative justice as a means of conflict resolution were also analyzed. As it is a current issue, violence against the female gender is a phenomenon that generates many studies, thus promoting the creation and modification of laws, expansion and improvement of public policies and projects related to confronting crimes against female dignity in Brazil, representing an important instrument for social transformation and implementation of gender equality. Two questionnaires were carried out, the first (Appendix I) was organized based on Law 13,718/18, which deals with Sexual Harassment, to verify whether women were aware of the existence of the Law, ensuring that they were not harassed/harassed in public spaces. The second questionnaire (Appendix II) was carried out to verify whether, after the period in which Law No. 13.979/2020 - Lockdown was enacted, women had suffered domestic violence, what types of violence it was and had reported it to specialized police stations. For this, the Google Forms search management platform was used; statistical data (graphs) were also obtained using this platform, providing a more objective analysis of the context of violence. The responses to the questionnaires suggest that women, for the most part, are still unaware of their rights guaranteed by the sanctions of laws and public policies that aim to guarantee safety and prevent violence against them. The first questionnaire showed that women are afraid of being harassed in public spaces, especially on the streets, and do not report this to the authorities. The second questionnaire obtained answers that indicated that women are victims of physical and/or verbal aggression by their spouses or partners and that, through these hostilities, they remain silent and isolate themselves from close people, and when asked if they had recorded police incidents reporting the aggressions; if they were aware of the “on-line” police station and public policies, highlighting dial 180, the responses were negative. This may be due to fear of reprisals, feelings of affection for the aggressor or lack of knowledge of public policies. An alternative for solving conflicts would be the use of restorative justice, as well as cultural change, initiated in school benches, seeking to teach respect for women and all genders. However, research on the subject should continue with the aim of monitoring the outcome for confronting violence against women.
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Keywords
Importunação sexual Violência doméstica Lei Maria da Penha Feminicídio Políticas públicas para as mulheres Agressões Justiça restaurativa Sexual harassment Domestic violence Maria da Penha law Femicide Public policies for women Aggressions Restorative justice