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A presente dissertação visa explorar, por meio de uma revisão narrativa, a relação entre as más oclusões dentárias e o desempenho desportivo dos atletas. A Medicina Dentária Desportiva, cada vez mais reconhecida como uma disciplina relevante, destaca a importância da saúde oral não só na prevenção de lesões, mas também como fator potencial de influência na performance atlética. Este estudo aborda o sistema estomatognático, as características da oclusão ideal e a classificação das más oclusões, estabelecendo conexões com a postura, a respiração e a função muscular. Através da análise de 35 artigos selecionados em bases de dados científicas, foram avaliadas as implicações das más oclusões em áreas-chave como a estabilidade postural, o equilíbrio, a força muscular e a coordenação motora. A literatura indica que alterações oclusais podem afetar o tónus muscular e a postura corporal, influenciando indiretamente a performance atlética. Estudos demonstraram que dispositivos oclusais, como os protetores bucais, têm o potencial de melhorar a estabilidade mandibular e a performance atlética, através do reposicionamento da mandíbula e da modulação da atividade neuromuscular. Além disso, a respiração oral, frequentemente associada à má oclusão, pode reduzir a resistência física e aumentar a fadiga, afetando o rendimento dos atletas. Embora os resultados dos estudos sejam por vezes contraditórios, muitos indicam uma relação entre a oclusão dentária e o equilíbrio postural, bem como com a força muscular e o desempenho físico. No entanto, limitações metodológicas, tamanhos de amostra reduzidos e variabilidade nas abordagens experimentais dificultam a generalização dos resultados. A conclusão desta revisão reforça a importância de uma oclusão estável na otimização da performance desportiva e na prevenção de desequilíbrios funcionais. Nesta perspetiva seria importante a integração da avaliação oclusal na rotina dos atletas, assim como a realização de mais estudos com metodologia semelhante para validar cientificamente estas correlações clínicas promissoras.
This dissertation aims to explore, through a narrative review, the relationship between dental malocclusions and the sports performance of athletes. Sports Dentistry, increasingly recognized as a relevant discipline, highlights the importance of oral health not only in injury prevention, but also as a potential factor influencing athletic performance. This study addresses the stomatognathic system, the characteristics of ideal occlusion, and the classification of malocclusions, establishing connections with posture, breathing, and muscle function. Through the analysis of 35 articles selected from scientific databases, the implications of malocclusions in key areas such as postural stability, balance, muscle strength and motor coordination were evaluated. The literature indicates that occlusal changes can affect muscle tone and body posture, indirectly influencing athletic performance. Studies have shown that occlusal devices, such as mouth guards, have the potential to improve mandibular stability and athletic performance by repositioning the jaw and modulating neuromuscular activity. In addition, mouth breathing, often associated with malocclusion, can reduce physical endurance and increase fatigue, affecting athletes' performance. Although the results of studies are sometimes contradictory, many indicate a relationship between dental occlusion and postural balance, as well as with muscle strength and physical performance. However, methodological limitations, small sample sizes, and variability in experimental approaches make it difficult to generalize the results. The conclusion of this review reinforces the importance of stable occlusion in optimizing sports performance and preventing functional imbalances. From this perspective, it would be important to integrate occlusal assessment into the athletes' routine, as well as to conduct further studies with similar methodology to scientifically validate these promising clinical correlations.
This dissertation aims to explore, through a narrative review, the relationship between dental malocclusions and the sports performance of athletes. Sports Dentistry, increasingly recognized as a relevant discipline, highlights the importance of oral health not only in injury prevention, but also as a potential factor influencing athletic performance. This study addresses the stomatognathic system, the characteristics of ideal occlusion, and the classification of malocclusions, establishing connections with posture, breathing, and muscle function. Through the analysis of 35 articles selected from scientific databases, the implications of malocclusions in key areas such as postural stability, balance, muscle strength and motor coordination were evaluated. The literature indicates that occlusal changes can affect muscle tone and body posture, indirectly influencing athletic performance. Studies have shown that occlusal devices, such as mouth guards, have the potential to improve mandibular stability and athletic performance by repositioning the jaw and modulating neuromuscular activity. In addition, mouth breathing, often associated with malocclusion, can reduce physical endurance and increase fatigue, affecting athletes' performance. Although the results of studies are sometimes contradictory, many indicate a relationship between dental occlusion and postural balance, as well as with muscle strength and physical performance. However, methodological limitations, small sample sizes, and variability in experimental approaches make it difficult to generalize the results. The conclusion of this review reinforces the importance of stable occlusion in optimizing sports performance and preventing functional imbalances. From this perspective, it would be important to integrate occlusal assessment into the athletes' routine, as well as to conduct further studies with similar methodology to scientifically validate these promising clinical correlations.
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Dental occlusion Posture Athletic performance Malocclusion Splint