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Arqueologia viral, à descoberta da evolução dos vírus?
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho consiste em abordar a arqueologia viral como ferramenta essencial para a descoberta da evolução dos vírus, recorrendo a uma intensa pesquisa bibliográfica.
Os vírus são parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios, replicam-se apenas no interior das células do hospedeiro. Muitos vírus integram-se no genoma do hospedeiro através de um passo obrigatório durante o processo de replicação, como acontece com os retrovírus. Outros vírus podem fazê-lo acidentalmente ou como parte latente do seu ciclo de vida. Quando ocorrem integrações virais na linha germinativa do hospedeiro, estas podem ser transmitidas de geração em geração, tomando-se fixas na população hospedeira. Quando isto acontece, os genomas virais integrados evoluem com o seu hospedeiro mas as suas sequências são preservadas de forma estável. O estudo deste registo fóssil genómico levou ao surgimento da paleovirologia, que usa os elementos virais endógenos (EVEs) para separar a história evolutiva de longo prazo das interações entre vírus e hospedeiro.
This work consists in approaching the viral arqueology as an essential tool to the discovery of the virus evolution, resorting to an intense bibliographic search. The viruses are required intracellular parasites, they replicate only in the interior of the host cells. Many viruses integrates on the host genome through requires steps during the replication process, as it happens with the retroviruses. Other viruses can make it accidentally or as a latent part of its lifecycle. When the viral integrations occur on the geminative line of its host, this can be transmitted from one generation to another, getting fixed on the host population. When this occurs, the integrated viral genome develops with their host but the sequences are preserved on a stable form. The study of this genomic fossil record lead to the emergence of paleovirology, which uses the endogeneous viral elements (EVEs) to separate evolutive long term history of the interaction between virus and host.
This work consists in approaching the viral arqueology as an essential tool to the discovery of the virus evolution, resorting to an intense bibliographic search. The viruses are required intracellular parasites, they replicate only in the interior of the host cells. Many viruses integrates on the host genome through requires steps during the replication process, as it happens with the retroviruses. Other viruses can make it accidentally or as a latent part of its lifecycle. When the viral integrations occur on the geminative line of its host, this can be transmitted from one generation to another, getting fixed on the host population. When this occurs, the integrated viral genome develops with their host but the sequences are preserved on a stable form. The study of this genomic fossil record lead to the emergence of paleovirology, which uses the endogeneous viral elements (EVEs) to separate evolutive long term history of the interaction between virus and host.